Circulatory & Respiratory Systems

By the end of this lesson on circulation you should be able to: Describe the structure of the circulatory system Compare and contrast arteries, veins and capillaries Explain how nutrients and oxygen are carried to your body cells Explain how wastes are removed from your body cells Compare and contrast the three types of blood cells

What is it? Pumps and transports blood through a series of vessels in your body http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PgI80Ue-AMo

Main Functions: Supplies oxygen and nutrients to the cells of your body Removes wastes from the cells of your body Works closely with what other system???

The Heart Composed almost entirely of muscle Surround by a protective tissue called pericardium Myocardium – largest, middle tissue layer responsible for contractions Septum, or wall, divides the left and right heart separating the oxygen-rich & oxygen-poor blood Four chambers Contracts ~72/minute pumping ~70 ml each time

Heart Chambers Atrium – thinner, upper chamber that receives the blood from the body or lungs Ventricle – lower chamber that pumps the blood out to the body or lungs blood flow

Blood Circulation in the Body Pulmonary Circulation - pumps deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs Systemic Circulation - pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body What happens in the lungs? CO2 waste leaves the blood and enters the lungs and O2 leaves the lungs and enters the blood vessels

Blood Circulation in the Heart Flaps of connective tissue, called valves prevent blood backflow The pacemaker, a group of cardiac muscle cells, sets the pace of the hearts contractions pacemaker Average Heart rate is 60-100 bpm. What is your resting rate?

Blood Circulation throughout the body Arteries - large vessels that carry blood from the heart to the body tissues Capillaries -small, thickness of one cell; delivery system to all body tissues Veins - keeps blood moving back toward the heart; contain valves

What does blood pressure mean? The force of blood on the walls of the arteries after the heart contracts 1st number - systolic pressure - force in the arteries when the ventricles contract 2nd number - diastolic pressure - force in the arteries when the ventricles relax Healthy is ~ 120/80

Blood A connective tissue containing dissolved substances and cells Collects oxygen from the lungs, nutrients from the digestive tract and wastes from tissues 4-6 liters in body 55% plasma - water, dissolved gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, wastes and proteins

RED BLOOD CELLS - erythrocytes Most of blood cells Contain the red colored hemoglobin - iron containing pigment that binds to O2 Disc shaped cells that do not have a nucleus when mature (live an average of 120 days) Produced where???

WHITE BLOOD CELLS - leukocytes Less common; without hemoglobin Guard against infection, fight parasites, and attack bacteria Contain nuclei & live longer Made where???

Lymphocytes White blood cells that produce antibodies to destroy pathogens

What were platelets? Sticky cell fragments that form blood clots in areas where blood vessels are broken Signals proteins called clotting factors to stop the bleeding

The Lymphatic System ★ ★ A network of vessels, nodes, and organs that collects fluid that leaks from the blood vessels The nodes collect foreign microorganisms http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qTXTDqvPnRk&feature=related

By the end of this lesson on respiration you should be able to: Identify the function of the respiratory system Explain how the process of gas exchange is involved in breathing Explain how the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs and aveoli are involved in breathing Explain how the respiratory system works with other systems in order to maintain homeostasis

What is respiration? The process of gas exchange between the lungs and the environment CO2 (cellular respiration) waste is removed from the body and O2 is taken up by the body in the tissues of the lungs Why do our body cells need O2? Why hemoglobin?

Each breathe… How is breathing controlled??? Why mucus??? Air enters through the mouth or nose Pharynx – passageway for air and food Larynx – contains the vocal cords Trachea – windpipe Bronchi – 2 passageways leading to the lungs Bronchioles – smaller divided passageways Alveoli – tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries where gas exchange occurs How is breathing controlled??? Why mucus??? Respiration

Label and trace the path of air Inhalation and Exhalation Clip

Why in the world would you ever choose to smoke? GROSS ME OUT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!