Angiosperms- Flowering Plants Phylum: Anthophyta

Introduction First appeared 135 mya during Cretaceous period Most recent of plant phyla Vast majority of living plant species have a method of reproduction and development that involves flowers and fruits

Flowers and fruit Develop unique reproductive organs known as flowers They attract animals which transports pollen from flower to flower More efficient than wind pollination Flowers contain ovaries which surround and protect the seeds After pollination develops into fruit A wall of tissue surrounding the seed Protects the seed and aids in dispersal Aids in success of plants

Seed dispersal Using fruit to attract animals increases the range the plants inhabit Animals eat the fruit, seeds from the core enter the digestive tract and leave ready to sprout when the animal has traveled some distance from the parent plant

Monocots and dicots Cotyledon- the 1st leaf or pair of leaves produced by the embryo Two classes of angiosperms Monocots 1 seed leaf Corn, wheat, lilies, orchids, and palms Dicots 2 seed leaves Roses, clover, tomatoes, oaks, and daisies

Monocots vs. dicots Monocots Dicots Seeds Single cotyledon Two cotyledon Leaves Parallel veins Branched veins Flowers Floral parts often in multiples of 3 Floral parts often in multiples of 4 or 5 Stems Vascular bundles scattered throughout stem Vascular bundles arranged in a ring Roots Fibrous roots taproot

Woody and herbaceous plants Flowering plants can be subdivided by characteristics of stem Woody Made of cells with thick cell walls that support the plant body Trees, shrubs, and vines Grapes, ivy, blueberries, rhododendrons, and roses Herbaceous Smooth and nonwoody Do not produce wood as they grow Dandelions, zinnias, petunias, and sunflowers

Annuals, biennials, and perennials The life span of plants is determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors There are three categories of plant life spans Annuals Grow from seed to maturity, flower, produce seeds and die in one growing season Garden plants such as marigolds, petunias, pansies, wheat and cucumbers Biennials Complete their life cycles in two years First year grow roots and short stems and sometimes leaves Second year grow new stems and leaves then produce flowers and seeds, once the flower produces seeds the plant dies Parsley, celery, foxgloves, evening primrose Perennials Live for more than two years Peonies, asparagus, and many grasses have herbaceous stems that die each winter and are replaced in the spring Most have woody stems Palm trees, sagebush, maple trees, and honeysuckle