Imperialism in the 19 th Century Standard 14

Standard 14 Essential Questions  SSUSH14 The student will explain America’s evolving relationship with the world at the turn of the twentieth century.  Explain the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and anti-Asian immigration sentiment on the west coast.  Describe the Spanish-American War, the war in the Philippines, and the debate over American expansionism.  Explain U.S. involvement in Latin America, as reflected by the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine and the creation of the Panama Canal.

Chinese Exclusion Act and Anti-Asian Sentiment  In 1882, law passed banning all future Chinese immigration to the US; remained in place until 1943  Fear that cheap labor would replace American workers  Japanese Americans also faced racial prejudice, as there were laws against them buying land or gaining citizenship  Why didn’t the US pass laws against British, Polish, Italian or Ukrainian immigrants?

Imperialism  FOR: Some Americans were eager to spread democracy into Latin America and other world regions.  Military Presence Naval Bases  New Markets for nations manufacturers and raw materials  Cultural Superiority- Social Darwinism nations that considered themselves superior felt obliged to govern the less advanced  Looked to the Caribbean Sea to expand its influence  AGAINST: Other Americans argued that American expansion was not the best way to spread America’s democratic traditions. (No Self Determination) Tyranny  Too expensive and expansive  Racism  Stay isolated Don’t over extend our military

Annexation of Hawaii 

Spanish American War  1898:  United States fought a “splendid little war” (lasted less than four months) with Spain  Spanish refused to grant independence to rebels fighting a revolutionary war in Cuba.  American expansionists eager to U.S. territory in Latin America  led to a “war fever”.  Spanish driven out of Cuba  Became an independent country  Closely watched by the US  Spanish driven out of Puerto Rico  became an American territory.  Set up colonial empire for US !!

Spanish American War Results  Cuba Independence  Puerto Rico commonwealth of US  Guam and Philippines annexed by US  ** Hawaii was not part of an annexation of the Spanish American War. **

Spanish American War and Monroe Doctrine  The Spanish American War could be seen as an act to enforce the Monroe Doctrine.  Spanish in Cuba!

Remember the Maine 

The Philippines  Also fought battles in the Philippines, another Spanish colony.  U.S. Navy quickly defeated the Spanish navy  Americans debated whether the United States should take over or respect Filipino independence.  The Philippine-American War broke out after the US decided to hang onto the Pacific islands.  What is possibly strange about WHERE the Spanish-American War was fought?

Philippine American War 

Roosevelt Corollary  The Caribbean and Latin America were unstable.  Many countries owed large amounts of money to European countries  President Roosevelt feared European countries would try to gain power and influence in the region.  Roosevelt announced that the US had the right to intervene in Latin American countries  If in economic crisis  Expanded the old Monroe Doctrine.  What has TR actually added or changed, compared to the Monroe Doctrine?

Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine 

Many argued against the Big Stick Diplomacy as an unjust use of power

Alfred Mahan  Admiral of US Navy said the Panama Canal would help the US move its fleet faster from coast to coast  He also encouraged the US to build up its Navy

Panama Canal  America now controlled territory in the Atlantic and in the Pacific Oceans and wanted a faster sea route from the Atlantic to the Pacific  Instead of traveling around the southern tip of South America,  The U.S. built a shipping canal across the narrow Central American country of Panama in what was the biggest engineering project of the era.  When the Panama Canal opened in 1914, a voyage from San Francisco to New York was cut from 14,000 miles to 6,000 miles.  Help the US Naval Fleet move quicker

THE PANAMA CANAL  By the early 20 th century, many Americans understood the advantages of a canal through Panama  It would greatly reduce travel times for commercial and military ships by providing a short cut between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans ”

Terms  Isolationists- Believed US should stay out of foreign affairs  Roosevelt Corollary- Statement that US could intervene in Latin America affairs and use force  Chinese Exclusion Act- Anti Asian act to keep Chinese out of America  Teller Amendment- Said US would not take over Cuba it was replaced with the Platt Amendment  Yellow Journalism- Sensationalism of newspapers to sell more copies and for propaganda  McKinley- POTUS during Spanish American War his assassination led to VP Teddy Roosevelt becoming President  Yellow Fever- the greatest cause of death and problems when building the Panama Canal

Emilio Aguinaldo Filipino Rebel leader who waged a guerilla war against the US when he heard the terms of the Treaty of Paris

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