2. 16: ROLE OF U.S. AT TURN OF CENTURY VOCABULARY/KEY TERMS 1.NATIVISM 2.CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT OF 1881 3.SPANISH AMERICAN WAR 4.WAR IN THE PHILIPPINES 5.ROOSEVELT COROLLARY TO MONROE DOCTRINE 6.PANAMA CANAL

3. New Immigrants Eastern & Southern Europeans arrived through Ellis Island in NYC –Many did not speak English –Catholic –Jewish Chinese, Japanese, and other Asians arrived through Angel Island in San Francisco Bay, California

4. Americanization Movement Assimilation: Schools taught English, history & government to help immigrants become citizens Nativism: preference for native born Americans Immigration restrictions: laws passed to restrict entry to the United States by certain groups

5. Anti-immigrant sentiments Late 1800s large Asian influx: –Accept lower wages –took jobs from whites –Whites sought help from Congress –CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT OF 1881: banned Chinese immigration until 1943 –California passed laws that forbade Japanese immigrants from owning land and from becoming U.S. citizens –Federal government worked with Japanese government to limit immigration into U.S

6. SPANISH AMERICAN WAR CAUSES 1.U.S. EXPANSIONISM: wanted to expand in Latin America and Pacific 2.REBELLIONS IN CUBA AND PHILIPPINES: People were rebelling against Spain in Cuba and Philippines 3.MEDIA –Yellow Journalism: the use of sensationalism and exaggerated stories to sell papers –PICTURES OF CUBAN CONCENTRATION CAMPS –William Randolph Hearst- Morning Journal –Joseph Pulitzer- NY World 4.U.S.S. Maine: explosion blamed on Spain although cause is unknown

7. RESULTS OF SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR 1.War lasted 3-4 months and U.S. won 2.U.S. gained: Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines, and control over Cuba TELLER AMENDMENT: said U.S. would not annex Cuba (written before war) PLATT AMENDMENT: gave the US control over Cuba (written after war) FYI: Rough Riders- volunteer Calvary in Cuba led by Theodore Roosevelt – Battle of San Juan Hill in Cuba

8. PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN WAR 1 ST battles of Spanish-American war took place in Philippines where rebels were also fighting for freedom from Spain U.S. promised Filipino people freedom in exchange for support during war U.S. defeated Spain and then claimed the Philippines as a US territory Filipino people declared war on U.S in 1899 War lasted 3+ years and the Philippines remained a U.S. territory until 1946

9. U.S. EXPANSIONISM The acquisition of the new territories: Puerto Rico, Philippines and Guam, led to a fierce congressional debate over U.S. expansionism near the end of the 1800s. Many felt that the US was trying to create an Imperial Empire 1917 people of PR become US citizens 1949 people of Guam become US citizens

10. Theodore Roosevelt’s Foreign Policy Monroe Doctrine cornerstone of his policy Control Western Hemisphere 1904 ROOSEVELT COROLLARY to the Monroe Doctrine: U.S. claimed the right to protect its economic interests by means of military intervention in the affairs of Latin America and countries in the Western hemisphere US would police western hemisphere

11. The Panama Canal Americans needed a shorter route between the Atlantic and Pacific 1.U.S. Navy: more efficient in time of war 2.Faster Global shipping One of the greatest engineering feats in US history

12. 9/2/201511 PANAMA CANAL ISSUES: 1879 A French company attempted to build the canal but failed after 10 years: yellow fever, injuries, mismanagement Colombia occupied Panama & wanted more $ for the canal zone. U.S. encouraged a Panamanian revolution: Panamanians vs. Colombia Revolution: November 1903 & U.S. immediately supported the rebels and proclaimed an Independent Panama with the U.S. as its “protector.” FEB 1904 HAY-BUNA-VARILLA TREATY: gave U.S. a permanent grant of 10-mile-wide strip for the Canal Zone US paid Panama $10 m and $250,000 per year for use 1904-1914 while building the canal, thousands died from disease and accidents 1921 US paid Columbia $25 m for its role in revolution

13. OPEN DOOR POLICY TO CHINA 1899: Open Door Policy: U.S feared that it would be closed out of the Chinese market because the U.S lacked the naval power to establish a sphere of influence. Instead, the U.S. turned to diplomacy. Sec. of State John Hay sent a series of notes to Japan and most European nations outlining the “Open Door Policy.” “All countries will have equal access to China.” As none of the countries accepted or rejected the Policy, the U.S announced that they accepted it.