Egypt The Gift of the Nile

Early Egypt First Villages pop up on the delta around 4000 BC 3150 BC King Narmer unites both Upper and Lower Egypt. Capital city of Memphis.

Four Periods of Ancient Egypt: Early Dynastic Egypt( 3150-2770 BC) Old Kingdom (2770 – 2200 BC) Middle Kingdom (2050- 1786 BC) New Kingdom (1560-1087 BC)

Religion in Ancient Egypt Ra- The Sun God Later combined with the god Amun to become Amun-Ra “King of All Gods” Ma’at- Goddess of Truth & Balance Amun Ra Ma’at

Religion in Egypt Isis Osiris Horace http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/gods/story/main.html

The Myth of Osiris One of the most famous Egyptian myths is the myth of Osiris. Osiris has been credited with many different titles, god of fertility, king of the dead, god of agriculture, and god of the underworld, controller of the Nile floods, and the rising and setting of the sun. All of these titles have one thing in common: life, death, and rebirth because the myth of Osiris is attributed to his life, murder, and eternal life after death. The myth of Osiris begins when he sets out to spread law and order across the land and to teach people how to farm. Because Osiris was a powerful king and popular with the people, his jealous brother lured him into a coffin and sealed his fate with molten lead. Seth then sent him down the Nile River in the coffin. Later the coffin washed ashore in Lebanon and a tree encased it. A king of Lebanon was impressed by the size of the tree and cut it down and put it in his palace. Osiris Seth

The Myth of Osiris Isis was the wife and sister to Osiris who gave birth to Horus and was the protector of the dead. When she received the news of Osiris's death, she knew the dead could not rest without a proper burial. Isis searched and found Osiris' body and brought it back to Egypt. Seth found this unacceptable and cut Osiris into many pieces and scattered them throughout Egypt. Isis set out again and had all the pieces she found made into wax duplicates. All the wax duplicates were placed in the temple to be worshipped. Isis preserved his body with linen bandages, used her magic and breathed life back into Osiris. Osiris then rose as a God-King and he chose to rule the underworld. This is where the roots of mummification and rebirth into the afterworld began. Osiris Isis Horus

The After Life Mummification: Process of preserving the body for the Ka. Ka: “Life Force”/ Soul of the deceased. The Ka needed the same things that the living needed in the afterlife. Offering were often placed in the tomb with the body. Book of the Dead: Spells details of the journey through the afterlife.

Book of the Dead

Ramses I and Dr. Hawass

Pharaohs of Egypt

Old Kingdom Pharaohs Narmer: Pharaoh that united the Upper & Lower Kingdoms of Egypt. Djoser: Commissioned the Step-Pyramid. (One of the first large stone buildings on earth)

Old Kingdom Pharaohs Khufu: Builder of the Great Pyramid at Giza. There are three pyramids at Giza, each of which once had an adjoining mortuary temple. Attached to this temple would have been a covered causeway descending down to a valley temple, near the Nile.

New Kingdom Pharaohs Queen Hatshepsut: 1st Great woman ruler. dressed as a king, even wearing a false beard. expanded trading relations.

New Kingdom Pharaohs Thutmose III: considered to be one of Egypt 's greatest warrior pharaohs. Expanded the empire into a military superpower.

New Kingdom Pharaohs Akhenaten: Tried to turn Egypt into a monotheistic society. Shunned all other gods to worship Aten (a version of the sun god) Wife was Nefertiti.

New Kingdom Pharaohs Tutankhamun: Son of Akhenaten & Nefertiti. Returned Egypt to traditional polytheisitic beliefs. Famous because of the discovery of untouched tomb in 1922. (Valley of the Kings)

New Kingdom Pharaohs Ramses II: Lackluster General Great builder

Valley of the Kings