Human Anatomy and Physiology II Lab Life Sciences 241 L

Objectives Syllabus Lab 1 - Cardiovascular system (Heart) –Anatomical orientation –Composition of cardiovascular system and position of the heart –Layers of the heart –Heart chambers, valves, and vessels –Flow of Blood Through the Heart

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Cardiovascular System Heart Anatomy Lab 1

Anatomical orientation Anatomical Planes –frontal (coronal), sagital, transverse Proximal vs distal Anterior vs posterior Superior vs inferior Medial vs lateral Superfical vs deep Ipsilateral vs contralateral

Anatomical Planes

Proximal vs Distal Anterior vs Posterior Superior vs Inferior Proximal Distal Posterior Anterior Superior Inferior

Medial vs Lateral Superficial vs Deep Ipsilateral vs Contralateral Medial Lateral Deep Superficial IpsilateralContralateral

The cardiovascular system Heart Blood vessels –arteries –veins –capillaries Blood

Anatomical Position of the Heart What organs or tissues are around the heart? –Anterior? –Posterior? –Left? –Right? –Superior? –Inferior?

Anatomical Position of the Heart

Layers of the Heart Superficial Deep

Layers of the Heart Endocardium –deepest layer of the heart –smooth lining to reduce friction of bloodflow Myocardium –middle layer of the heart –location of muscle fibers responsible for pumping Pericardium –outer protective layer –composed of : –visceral pericardium –paricardial cavity –parietal pericardium

Cardiac Chambers Right Ventricle Right Atrium Left Atrium Left Ventricle

Heart Chambers Atriums –Receives blood from veins –Empties blood into ventricles through the AV valves. –Smaller, sac-like chambers of the heart Ventricles –Receives blood from atriums through AV valves –Pumps blood away from heart through the semilunar valves. –Large, muscular chambers of the heart.

Blood Vessels Connected to the Heart Aorta Pulmonary arteries Pulmonary viens Superior Vena Cava Inferior Vena Cava

Blood Vessels Connected to the Heart Superior Vena Cava –collects deoxygenated blood from upper body and delivers it to right atrium Inferior Vena Cava –collects deoxygenated blood from lower body and delivers it to right atrium Aorta –carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body Systematic circuit

Blood Vessels Connected to the Heart Pulmonary arteries –carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the right ventricle Pulmonary veins –carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium Pulmonary circuit

Valves Pulmonary semilunar valve Aortic semilunar valve Left AV (bicuspid) valve Right AV (tricuspid) valve Chordai tendineae Papillary muscle

Valves of the Heart Right AV (Tricuspid) –separates the right atrium from the right ventricle. Prevents backflow into atrium. Left AV (Bicuspid) –separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. Prevents backflow into atrium. Pulmonary valve –separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary arteries. Prevents backflow after ventricular contraction. Aortic valve –separates the left ventricle from the aorta. Prevents backflow after ventricular contraction. Atrioventricular valves Semilunar valves

Heart Valve

Blood Flow Through the Heart

Summary Introduction Anatomical Orientation Cardiovascular System Heart Anatomy Blood Flow through the Heart Take home assignment Next week - Blood Vessels