1. Cardiovascular System: The Heart
(Chapter 13)

2. Fun Facts Heart pumps 7,000 liters of blood each day
Heart contracts 2.5 billion times in an average lifetime

3. Heart Hollow, muscular pump Four chambers:
R & L Atria – for blood storage
R & L Ventricles – to pump blood
Posterior to sternum, medial to lungs
Anterior to vertebral column
Superior to diaphragm

4. Alveolus
Oxygenated blood
Deoxygenated blood
CO2 O2
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Systemic circuit delivers oxygen to all
body cells and carries away wastes.
Oxygenated
blood pumped to
all body tissues
via aorta
Deoxygenated
blood pumped
to lungs via
pulmonary arteries
Pulmonary circuit eliminates carbon
dioxide via the lungs and oxygenates the
blood.
Oxygenated blood returns
to heart via pulmonary veins
Deoxygenated blood returns
to heart via venae cavae

5. Diaphragm
Base of heart
Apex of heart
Heart
Sternum

6. Coverings of the Heart Pericardium: Fibrous pericardium
Auricle of right
atrium
Right
ventricle
Pericardial cavity
Left ventricle
Pulmonary trunk
Auricle of left atrium
Fibrous pericardium
Aorta
Right lung
Left lung
Diaphragm
Superior
vena cava
Anterior interventricular
sulcus
Heart (covered by
visceral pericardium)
Cut edge of
parietal pericardium
Pericardium:
Fibrous pericardium
Parietal pericardium
Visceral pericardium

7. Wall of the Heart Epicardium (outer layer) Myocardium (middle layer)
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
(visceral pericardium)
Pericardial
cavity
Parietal
pericardium
Fibrous
Coronary
blood vessel
Wall of the Heart
Epicardium (outer layer)
Myocardium (middle layer)
Endocardium (inner layer)

8. Wall of the Heart
Epicardium (visceral pericardium) forms a protective outer covering and secretes serous fluid
Myocardium contracts to pump blood from the heart chambers
Endocardium forms a protective inner lining of the chambers and valves

9. From the Heart to the Lungs
Structure
Function
Right Atrium
Chamber where blood enters the heart from the body
Receives blood from inferior & superior vena cava, coronary sinus
Right Ventricle
Receives blood from Right Atrium
Pumps blood to the lungs
Pulmonary Arteries
Carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

10. From the Lungs to the Heart
Structure
Function
Pulmonary Veins
Carry oxygenated blood back to the heart from the lungs
Left Atrium
Receives blood from the pulmonary veins
Left Ventricle
Pumps blood to the aorta, through the rest of the body
Aorta
Brings blood from the left ventricle to the vessels of the body

11. Wall of the Heart Epicardium (outer layer) Myocardium (middle layer)
Endocardium (inner layer)

12. Valves of the Heart Tricuspid valve Pulmonary valve
Right atrioventricular orifice
Prevents blood from moving back into right atrium during ventricular contraction
Pulmonary valve
Entrance to pulmonary trunk
Prevents blood from moving back into right ventricle during ventricular relaxation

13. Valves of the Heart Mitral valve Aortic valve
Left atrioventricular orifice
Prevents blood from moving back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction
Aortic valve
Entrance to aorta
Prevents blood from moving back into left ventricle during ventricular relaxation

14. Tissue cells
Alveolus
Left atrium
Mitral valve
Aortic valve
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary valve
Inferior vena cava
Right ventricle
Aorta O2
CO2
Systemic
capillaries
Superior
vena cava
Alveolar
Pulmonary
veins
artery

15. Alveolar capillaries (lungs) Blood to systemic circuit
Aorta
Cardiac veins
Coronary sinus
Right atrium
Right coronary artery
Left coronary artery
Posterior
interventricular
artery
Marginal
Circumflex
Anterior
Myocardial
capillaries in
ventricular
walls
walls of right
atrium and right
ventricle
walls of left
atrium and left
Tricuspid valve
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary arteries
Alveolar capillaries (lungs)
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Aorta
Blood to systemic circuit
Pulmonary valve
Mitral valve
Aortic valve
Venae cavae and
coronary sinus
Blood from systemic circuit

18. Chambers of the Heart Walls are ridged by pectinate muscles
Atria
Ventricles
Walls are ridged by pectinate muscles
Increase the power of contraction without increasing heart mass substantially
Papillary muscles & chordae tendinae
Prevent backflow of blood
Walls are ridged by trabeculae carneae
Prevents suction