Zoonoses Hannah Corbett Jenna Deal

Essential Question How can you prevent zoonotic diseases?

Should be able to know Describe how to prevent any type of zoonotic disease Understand and define a zoonotic disease List and describe several zoonotic diseases How does knowing about zoonotic diseases help in vet tech? How can these diseases affect humans?

Warm-up Pair Share –What do you already know about zoonotic diseases?

Vocab Zoonotic Disease: bacteria that can be passed from animals to humans

Vocab Rabies: viral disease that infects the central nervous system Visceral larva migrans: condition in humans in which roundworm larvae migrate through the body, causing damage to internal organs Cutaneous larva migrans: disease condition resulting from the infestation of hookworm larvae into the body Taxoplasmosis: protozoal parasitic disease in which cats serve as the primary host; of concern to humans, especially pregnant women and people with compromised immune systems Cat scratch fever: bacterial disease resulting from a cat scratch, which causes a soreness at the inflicted site, fever, and enlarged lymph nodes.

Vocab Ringworm: fungal infection of the skin RNA viruses: group of viruses that cause inflammation in the brain Q fever: disease condition caused by Coxiella burnetii which causes abortions in sheep and goats and a sudden onset of flu-like symptoms in humans Pasteurization: process used to sterilize milk by heating it to a high temperature for a short time Anthrax: bacterial infection with skin, intestinal, and respiratory forms

Vocab Mad Cow Disease: transmissible spongiform encephalopathy disease condition in cattle that causes the degeneration of the brain to a sponge-like appearance Scrapie: transmissible spongiform encephalopathy disease condition in sheep and goats that causes the degeneration of the brain to a sponge-like appearance West Nile Virus: viral disease causing flu-like symptoms in humans (mosquitoes often act as a vector) Brucellosis: a bacterial disease that causes abortions in cattle and flu-like symptoms in humans (human presentation is called undulant fever) Tuberculosis: bacterial disease that affects the lungs and respiratory system

Viral diseases Rabies –Also referred to as hydrophobia –Infects CNS –Signs: restlessness, change in behavior, easily agitated, aggressive, snapping/biting at inanimate objects, frothing at the mouth West Nile Fever –Spread through mosquitoes –Signs: flu-like symptoms in humans, inflammation in CNS, paralysis, weakness –May be fatal

Prevention Vaccines

Larva Migrans Visceral –Children are at higher risk when they place things in their mouth –Toxocara canis is the common cause –Signs: Fever, coughing, wheezing, abdominal pain –Damage to internal organs Cutaneous –Similar to roundworms –Develop in intestinal tract –Signs: in humans, raised, red, itchy bumps

Prevention Visceral & Cutaneous –Vaccines –Cleanliness –Routinely pick up feces & examine dogs

Bacterial Diseases Anthrax –Caused by spore forming bacteria called Bacillus anthracis –Signs: sudden death, fever, anorexia, bloody urine, diarrhea –Most common form in animals=intestinal form Brucellosis –Causes abortion in cattle –Humans infected through contact w/ infected fetus –Signs: severe flu, irregular fevers Tuberculosis –Causes a debilitating respiratory infection in humans –Signs: fever, weight loss, coughing, chest pain –Difficult to treat

Prevention Pasteurization Cleanliness Immunizations Vaccines

Diseases that start with a cat Toxoplasmosis: –Parasite in animals that is a concern to humans –Cats= definitive host –Infected cats pass oocysts (eggs) through their feces Cat Scratch fever: –Caused by Bartonella henselae –Signs in humans: lack of appetite, muscle pain, nausea, swelling of lymph nodes, swelling of infection site, red small round bump at the site of the scratch/bite –Signs in cats: history of flea/ticks, no clinical symptoms can be seen, fever/swollen glands, lethargy, lack of appetite

Prevention Keep home clean –Prevents fleas and ticks Keep cat’s nails trimmed Avoid playing roughly with cats Keep tests (immune) up to date

Occurs in Cattle, Sheep, and/or Goats Q Fever –Caused by Coxiella burnetii –Transmission happens when humans inhale aerosols from contaminated soil/waste –Signs: fatigue, chills, arthralgia, night sweats, heart failure Mad Cow Disease –Affects central nervous system in cattle –Caused by the formation of prions, abnormally shaped proteins –Humans can catch the disease from eating tissues from the cattle with the disease Scrapie –Caused by the formation of prions –Affects the central nervous system

Prevention Practice cleanliness Wash hands after handling animals and animal waste Cook meat thoroughly Keep records Isolate goats/sheep from those who are infected