Spinal Injuries Chapter 11

Anatomy of the Spine Cervical Vertebrae – 7 Thoracic Vertebrae – 12 Lumbar Vertebrae – 5 Sacrum – 5 fused Coccyx – 4 fused

Cervical Vertebrae C1 – Atlas C2 – Axis C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7

Specialized Cervical Vertebrae

Typical Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)

Thoracic Vertebrae

Lumbar Vertebrae

Sacrum and Coccyx

Intervertebral Discs Disc nucleus = nucleus pulposus Annulus Fibrosus

Intrinsic Muscles of the back “Deep” muscles Three layers: –Superficial layer – Splenius Muscles –Intermediate layer – divided into 3 vertical columns Spinalis – medial column Longissimus – intermediate column Iliocostalis – lateral column –Deep layer – Semispinalis, Multifidus group, and rotators.

Muscles of the Spine – Superficial Layer Splenius Capitis Origin Insertion Function

Muscles of the Spine – Superficial Layer Splenius Cervicis Origin Insertion Function

Muscles of the Spine – Intermediate Layer, Medial Column Spinalis Capitis (1) Origin Insertion Function

Muscles of the Spine – Intermediate Layer, Medial Column Spinalis Cervicis Origin Insertion Function

Muscles of the Spine – Intermediate Layer, Medial Column Spinalis Thoracis (4) Origin Insertion Function

Muscles of the Spine – Intermediate Layer, Intermediate Column Longissimus Capitis Origin Insertion Function

Muscles of the Spine – Intermediate Layer, Intermediate Column Longissimus Cervicis Origin Insertion Function

Muscles of the Spine – Intermediate Layer, Intermediate Column Longissimus Thoracis Origin Insertion Function

Muscles of the Spine – Intermediate Layer, Lateral Column Iliocostalis Cervicis Origin Insertion Function

Muscles of the Spine – Intermediate Layer, Lateral Column Iliocostalis Thoracis Origin Insertion Function

Muscles of the Spine – Intermediate Layer, Lateral Column Iliocostalis Lumborum Origin Insertion Function

Muscles of the Spine – Deep Layer Semispinalis Capitis Origin Insertion Function

Muscles of the Spine – Deep Layer Semispinalis Cervicis Origin Insertion Function

Muscles of the Spine – Deep Layer Semispinalis Thoracis Origin Insertion Function

Muscles of the Spine – Deep Layer Mulitfidus Group Origin Insertion Function

Muscles of the Spine – Deep Layer Rotators Group Origin Insertion Function Deep to multifidus group

Anterior (Interior) Scalene Origin Insertion Function

Middle Scalene Origin Insertion Function

Posterior Scalene Origin Insertion Function

Postural Concerns

Postural Concerns - Lordosis Normal Curve Lordosis Curve

Postural Concerns - Scoliosis

Common Injuries Posterior Disc Bulge Brachial Plexus Injury Cervical Spine Injury

Posterior Disc Bulge Also known as a herniated disc Not common in younger athletes Numbness, tingling, and pain can occur Poor posture and body mechanics most likely cause Rehab to improve posture may relieve pain, but surgery may be necessary

Brachial Plexus Injury “Stinger” or “Burner” Three ways it can happen Common for football players “Cowboy” collar or neck rolls help prevent this May get numbness, tingling, burning sensation, and loss of strength/ROM. May return when symptom free, full strength, full ROM, and problem free evaluation by ATC or team physician

Cervical Spine Injury