History of Digital Computers

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Presentation transcript:

History of Digital Computers from the abacus to microprocessors

Origins of Digital Computers earliest computing devices designed to aid numeric computation abacus, first developed in Babylonia over 5,000 years ago

Analog vs. Digital Computers employ analog encoding usually special-purpose devices employ digital encoding are discrete-state devices can be general-purpose devices

Early Calculating Machines William Schickard (1592–1635), mechanical calculator Diagram from letter

Early Calculating Machines Blaise Pascal (1623–1662), addition and subtraction using 9s complement Pascaline

Early Calculating Machines G. W. F. Leibniz (1646–1716), “Stepped Reckoner,” full-featured calculator, (“Leibniz wheel” for multiplication)

Charles Babbage (1791 – 1871) first true pioneer of modern digital computing machines built two prototype calculating machines Difference Engine Analytical Engine

Difference Engine automated both the computation of tables and their printing employed the method of differences to calculate polynomials special-purpose calculating machine

Difference Engine prototypes: 1822-1833 (full-scale version never completed)

Analytical Engine a programmable, general purpose calculating machine two main mechanisms: the store and the mill programmed by punched cards based on Jaquard loom Jacquard loom

Legacy of Babbage designed the first, general-purpose digital computing device ideas and achievements were lost to his successors

Konrad Zuse (1910 – 1995) designed the “Z” series of automatic general-purpose computing machines electro-mechanical devices binary internal encoding Z3 (1941) was programmed using punched 35mm film

John V. Atanasoff (1903 – 1995) built the ABC machine with Clifford Berry in 1939 first electronic digital computing machine special-purpose: solving simultaneous equations not fully automatic