17.1 THE HISTORY OF CLASSIFICATION WHAT YOU WILL LEARN -differences in methods of classifying -how to write scientific names -how to use a dichotomous key -the taxa in biological classification

 MAIN IDEA -Biologists use a system of classification to ORGANIZE information about the diversity of living things

READING Q’s 1-IDENTIFY: who developed the first commonly accepted system of classification? -ARISTOTLE

READING Q’s 2-CLASSIFY: Using Aristotle’s classification system, classify the following- -DAISY - PLANT / herb -DOG -ANIMAL / land -WHALE -ANIMAL / water

READING Q’s 3-EXPLAIN -how did Linnaeus’s system of classification build on Aristotle’s system? -kept the morphological component -ADDED behavior

READING Q’s 4-IDENTIFY -which is the correct name for this bird? -Cardinalis cardinalis

READING Q’s 5-DESCRIBE -how should a scientific name be written by hand? -it should be underlined

READING Q’s 6-COMPARE: How is today's classification system different from Linnaeus's system? -shows EVOLUTIONARY relationships

READING Q’s 7-DETERMINE: At what level on the pyramid of taxa is the American black bear distinguished from the Asiatic black bear? -shows SPECIES

INSTRUCTOR LED CORNELL NOTES 17.1 CLASSIFICATION

WHY CLASSIFY? 1-NAME/ORDER in logical manner to IDENTIFY relationships between organisms 2-ASSIGNS universally accepted NAME to organisms to ELIMINATE confusion

CRITERIA for CLASSIFICATION grouping of objects based on a specified set of criteria CRITERIA EXAMPLES: -physical characteristics -behavior of organisms -relationships between organisms

BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION 1-Aristotle -Formed the 1st known classification system (2,000 yrs ago) -Plants and Animals -based on: where they spent most of their life. -Air, Land and Water 2-Carolus Linnaeus -founded the modern taxonomy -naming system based on PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE -two part naming system based on LATIN -GENUS: groups with many similar characteristics -SPECIES: specific to one organism RULES/EXAMPLES 1-printed in ITALICS (underline if hand written) 2-first name GENUS, second name SPECIES 3-Genus always starts with CAPITAL letter 4-species always starts with lower case letter

EXAMPLE Canis lupis C. lupis

Kids Pick Candy Over Field Green Salads Taxonomic STRUCTURE Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Large Small Kids Pick Candy Over Field Green Salads

DICHOTOMOUS KEY -TOOL used to identify group of organisms -OBSERVE characteristics of each organism -series of 2 CHOICES used to guide classification PRACTICE: “key out” the kangaroo, cow, bee and spider

EXAMPLE- Human Classification Kingdom – Animalia Phylum – Chordata Class – Mammalia Order – Primata Family – Hominidae Genus – Homo Species - Sapien

GROUP WORK: GUIDED NOTES -As a group complete the guided note sheet using your knowledge from the reading.

TAXONOMY taxonomy-- -science of NAMING organisms & CLASSIFYING them into groups -based on natural relationships among organisms

EARLY SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION IDENTIFY: -the parts of Linnaeus’ two-word naming system group of similar species genus characteristics of organisms species

EARLY SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION DISTINGUISH: -the genus and specific name for species of modern humans Homo sapians

EARLY SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION IDENTIFY: 1- Which statement describes the Linnaean system of biological classification? it was based on behavioral and morphological similarities and differences among organisms 2- In binomial nomenclature, the first part of an organism's name identifies the genus, and the second part identifies the: species   3-What is the correct way that the scientific name for the American black bear should appear in print? Ursus americanus

TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES REVIEW: -morphology— -

TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES LABEL: the diagram of taxa SPECIES GENUS FAMILY ORDER CLASS PHYLUM KINGDOM

TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES COMPARE data in the table below to determine which two animals are most closely related. -_______________&________________ SUPPORT your reasoning: -classification is IDENTICAL down to species ANALYZE at which level the blue whale diverges from the other animals on the table- -ORDER COYOTE WOLF

DICHOTOMOUS KEY APPLICATION: Using the dichotomous key provided, IDENTIFY the Norns and write their scientific name in the blanks. beverlus dallus rajus kentuckyus californius walawala dakotus yorkio