1. 1 Chapter 17 - 17.1 Introduction to Biology

2. 2 What Do All of these Have in Common?

3. 3 CLASSIFICATION Classification is the grouping of objects or organisms based on a set of criteria Classification is the grouping of objects or organisms based on a set of criteria

4. 4 CLASSIFICATION The Greek Philospher Aristotle developed the first widely accepted system of biological classification. The Greek Philospher Aristotle developed the first widely accepted system of biological classification. He classified organisms as either animals or plants He classified organisms as either animals or plants

5. 5 CLASSIFICATION Animals were further grouped into absence or presence of “red blood”. Animals were further grouped into absence or presence of “red blood”. “Bloodless” and “red- blooded” animals nearly match the modern distinction of invertebrates and vertebrates. “Bloodless” and “red- blooded” animals nearly match the modern distinction of invertebrates and vertebrates.

6. 6 CLASSIFICATION

7. 7 CLASSIFICATION In the 18 th century, Carolus Linnaeus broadened Aristotle’s classification and used morphology to classify organisms. In the 18 th century, Carolus Linnaeus broadened Aristotle’s classification and used morphology to classify organisms. Linnaeus developed the first formal system of taxonomic organization Linnaeus developed the first formal system of taxonomic organization

8. 8 CLASSIFICATION Taxonomy is a discipline of biology concerned with identifying, naming, and classifying organisms. Taxonomy is a discipline of biology concerned with identifying, naming, and classifying organisms.

9. 9 CLASSIFICATION Linnaeus’s method of naming organisms is called binomial nomenclature. Linnaeus’s method of naming organisms is called binomial nomenclature. Binomial nomenclature gives each species a scientific name that has two parts. Binomial nomenclature gives each species a scientific name that has two parts.

10. 10 CLASSIFICATION When writing scientific names, certain rules apply: 1) The first letter of the genus name is always capitalized, but the rest of the genus name and the species name are lowercase. 2) If a scientific name is written in a printed book or magazine, it should be italicized. 3) When a scientific name is written by hand, both parts of the name should be underlined. 4) After the scientific name has been written completely, the genus name will often be abbreviated to the first letter in later appearances. For example, the scientific name of Cardinalis cardinalis can be written C. cardinalis.

11. 11 CLASSIFICATION A named group of organisms is called a taxon. A named group of organisms is called a taxon. The broader the characteristics in each taxon, the more organisms that it will contain. The broader the characteristics in each taxon, the more organisms that it will contain.

12. 12 CLASSIFICATION Each of these levels is considered to be a taxon. Each of these levels is considered to be a taxon.

13. 13 CLASSIFICATION The figure to the left shows the complete classification from domain to species for the American black bear and the Asiatic black bear. Notice that although these bears are classified as different species, the rest of their classification is the same. The figure to the left shows the complete classification from domain to species for the American black bear and the Asiatic black bear. Notice that although these bears are classified as different species, the rest of their classification is the same.