EUROSTAT METHODOLOGIES AND PRACTICE - R&D INDICATORS FOR MONITORING THE CREATION OF EUROPEAN RESEARCH AREA Reni Petkova - EUROSTAT 2-3 October 2008 Belgrade

INTRODUCTION EU LEGAL BASE ON R&D STATISTICS INDICATORS FOR MEASURЕMENT OF R&D ACTIVITY AT EU LEVEL STANDARDISED APPROACH FOR R&D AND GBAORD DATA COLLECTION CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR R&D AND GBAORD DATA PRODUCTION OUTCOMES FROM THE LATEST R&D NATIONAL SURVEYS

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade INTRODUCTION Making ERA a reality means: Realising a single labour market for researchers, with high levels of mobility between institutions, disciplines, sectors and countries Developing world-class research infrastructures, integrated networked and accessible to research teams from across Europe and the world through the development of new generations of electronic communication infrastructures

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade Making ERA a reality means: Strengthening research institutions, engaged in effective public-private cooperation and partnership, forming the core of research and innovation clusters Effective knowledge-sharing: open and easy access to the public knowledge base; knowledge transfer and cooperation between public research and industry

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade Making ERA a reality means: Optimising research programmes and priorities, including the joint programming, implementation and evaluation of public research investments at EU level on issues that go beyond the capacities of individual countries A wide opening of ERA to the world, with special emphasis on neighbouring countries of the EU and a strong commitment to addressing global challenges with Europes partners

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade Establishment and development of a harmonised Community statistics on Research and Development (R&D) is very important as a evidence base for the development of the European Research Area and in order to enable measuring the progress achieved towards its realisation

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade Reliable and internationally comparable data of good quality on Research and Development for the Candidate Countries and potential Candidate Countries is needed for: EU accession negotiations Full integration in Community research policy Evaluation of their progress and position, in respect of R&D efforts, among the other EU and non-EU countries

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade LEGAL BASE FOR ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF HARMONSED R&D STATISTICS AT EU LEVEL Framework legal act: Decision 1608/2003/EC of the EP and of the Council concerning the production and development of Community statistics on science and technology Legal implementation measure: Commission Regulation 753/2004 implementing Decision 1608/2003/EC of the EP and of the Council as regards statistics on science and technology

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade TO COME IN LINE WITH EU REGULATIONS REQUIREMENTS IS: Obligatory for the Member States Precondition for accession the EU of the CC Recommendable for the potential CC REQUIREMENTS OF CR 753/2004 ON R&D AND GBAORD STATISTICS List of R&D indicators to be compiled, their breakdowns and measurement units (HC, FTE, mio national currency) Harmonised R&D concepts, definitions and classifications to be implemented – Frascati manual

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade Standard classifications to be used (the latest versions of NACE, NUTS, FOS, NABS, ISCED etc.) All classifications are available on Eurostat's Metadata Server RAMON Type of R&D indicators: Obligatory Optional Data sources in MS - sample surveys, administrative data sources or others of equivalent quality, or their mixtures

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade Frequency of data compilation: Biannual (on each odd year) - vast majority of indicators Annual - 3 indicators Four yearly - gender disaggregation of some indicators In practice annual data collection carried out by Eurostat in June and in October covers all data sets required, including revisions of the time series

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade Deadlines for data transmission to Eurostat: Preliminary R&D results for the annual indicators: T+10 months Final (definitive) R&D results: T+18 months Provisional GBAORD data: T+6 months Final GBAORD data: T+12 months

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade Confidential data provision Standard transmission format for R&D data delivery to Eurostat (xls) Transmission media - eDAMIS Quality evaluation of R&D data by MS, Eurostat and OECD Pilot studies for developing new variables

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade INPUT INDICATORS FOR MEASURMENT OF R&D ACTIVITY AT EU LEVEL Variables collected by Eurostat directly from the countries INTRAMURAL R&D EXPENDITURE (GERD) By sector of performance By source of funds and sector of performance By civil / military - optional

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade By type of activity and sector of performance - optional By type of costs and sector of performance By economic activity, NACE (only BES) By size class (only BES) By source of funds and size class (only BES) By major field of science (HES and GOV) - optional By socio-economic objective (only GOV) - optional By region (NUTS 2)

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade R&D PERSONNEL By sector of performance (HC,FTE) By occupation, sex and sector of performance (alternatively to qualification); (HC) By qualification, sex and sector of performance (alternatively to occupation); (HC) By occupation and sector of performance (alternatively to qualification); (FTE) By qualification and sector of performance (alternatively to occupation); (FTE)

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade R&D PERSONNEL By economic activity (only BES);(HC,FTE) By major field of science and sex (HES and GOV); (HC);(FTE - optional) By region (NUTS 2) and sector of performance; (HC,FTE) By region (NUTS 2), sex and sector of performance (HC) - optional By economic activity (NACE) and sex (only BES); (HC) By size class (only BES); (FTE)

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade RESEARCHERS By sector of performance (HC, FTE) By sex and sector of performance (HC);(FTE - optional) By qualification, sex and sector of performance; (HC - optional) By qualification and sector of performance; (FTE - optional) By economic activity and sex (only BES);(HC) By economic activity (only BES);(FTE)

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade RESEARCHERS By major field of science and sex (HES and GOV); (HC); (FTE - optional) By region (NUTS 2) and sector of performance; (HC, FTE) By region (NUTS 2), sex and sector of performance (HC, FTE - optional) By age groups and sex (HES and GOV); (HC - optional) By citizenship and sex (HES and GOV); (HC - optional) By size class (only BES); (FTE)

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade GOVERNMENT BUDGET APPROPRIATIONS OR OUTLAYS ON R&D (GBAORD) GBAORD in the provisional budget by socio-economic objectives at NABS chapter level GBAORD in the final budget by socio- economic objectives at NABS chapter level (sub-chapter level - optional)

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade STANDARDISED APPROACH FOR R&D AND GBAORD DATA COLLECTION Joint OECD/Eurostat harmonised R & D questionnaire - reduction of burden Comprises 3 modules: Common Core OECD/Eurostat module ESTAT supplementary module OECD supplementary module Goes beyond the requirements of EU legal base: includes all variables defined in CR 753/2004 (obligatory and optional) plus some additional highly required variables (voluntary)

Data validation rules in place within the R&D questionnaire REQUESTED BY BOTH OECD (if MSTI, bold) and ESTAT (COMMISSION REGULATION No 753/2004) REQUESTED BY OECD (if MSTI bold) REQUESTED FOR COMMISSION REGULATION No 753/2004 Colour Error Codes Invalid Data Invalid Note Unequal Sub-Total within the sector Unequal Total across sectors 2-3 October 2008 Belgrade

OECD/Eurostat harmonised R&D questionnaire Contains around 50 Tables in two Excel workbooks Received electronically via eDAMIS from 33 countries: 27 MS; 2 CC and 4 Others (CH, IS, NO, RU) Annually three rounds of transmission by the countries to Eurostat: In June: final R&D and provisional GBAORD data In October: preliminary R&D yearly data In December: final GBAORD data

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade Derived R&D variables (ratio indicators) produced by Eurostat - for international comparisons neutralizing the economic importance of the countries (size differences) R&D expenditure and GBAORD as а percentage of GDP (at national and regional level) R&D INTENSITY IN 2006 For EU-27: 1.84 % - still below the Lisbon target In two MS: > 3 % - SE (3.37%) FI (3.45%) In four MS: (2 % - 3%) - DE, FR, AT, DK In 40 EU regions at NUTS 2: > 2% In 20 of these EU regions: > 3 %

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade Derived R&D variables (ratio indicators) produced by Eurostat R&D expenditure and GBAORD in Euro per inhabitant GBAORD as а percentage of total general government expenditure R&D personnel as а percentage of active population (at national and regional level) R&D personnel as а percentage of total employment (at national and regional level) EU aggregates calculated by Eurostat for EU-27, EU-15, EUA-15

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade EVALUATION OF R&D DATA QUALITY Quality Reports produced by MS cover six quality criteria and cost/burden issue: Relevance Accuracy Timelines and Punctuality Accessibility and Clarity Comparability Coherence Cost and Burden

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade QUALITY INDICATORS Data availability rate; Coefficient of variance; Coverage errors; Measurement errors; Processing errors; Non-response (unit, item); Imputation rate; Coherence between Preliminary and final data; Time spent for R&D data compilation (response burden); Cost of R&D statistics Example for quality indicator on coherence of R&D expenditure data originating from different sources: Difference between GBAORD data and government - financed GERD data

GBAORD as a % of GERD funded by GOV - reference year October 2008 Belgrade

R&D DATA DISSEMINATION AND PUBLICATIONS Eurostat data base NewCronos Validated R&D data (including revisions of the time series) are stored into NewCronos under following target timetable: Provisional GBAORD data: T+10 months Preliminary R&D data: T+11 months Final GBAORD data: T+15 months Final R&D data: T+21 months Data availability for 37 countries since 1980: (33 countries based on direct data collection + other sources used for CA, JP, USA, CN)

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade EUROSTAT PUBLICATIONS News release Statistics in Focus Pocket books Statistical books All R&D data and publications can be downloaded in electronic from without charges, through the Eurostat homepage

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade DEVELOPMENT OF NEW R&D INDICATORS Better measurement of R&D internationalization Further breakdown of GERD funded from abroad into: Foreign business enterprise (EU/non-EU) Other national governments (EU/non-EU) Private non-profit organisations Higher education European Commission International organisations Others This breakdown is aiming at better measurement of public/private R&D source of funds and monitoring the Barcelona target 2/3 of R&D to be financed by private sources

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade DEVELOPMENT OF NEW R&D INDICATORS Better measurement of R&D internationalization Inward FATS R&D expenditure and R&D personnel EU funds for R&D International joint research programs Inter-government research schemes These new indicators are needed for measurement of: the inflow of money from EU funds devoted to R&D, international co-operation on research and R&D activity performed by European research organizations

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade STANDARD CLASSIFICATION SUSTEM FOR R&D AND GBAORD DATA PRODUCTION INSTITUTIONAL CLASSIFICATION Four sectors of performance: Business enterprise sector (BES) Government sector (GOV) Higher education sector (HES) Private non-profit sector (PNP)

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade Five source of funds: Business enterprise sector (BES) Government sector (GOV) Higher education sector (HES) Private non-profit sector (PNP) Abroad NACE rev.1.1 General Industrial Classification of Economic Activities within the EU NACE rev. 2 - for reference year 2009 NUTS 2006 Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade TYPE OF ACTIVITY Basic research Applied research Experimental development FIELDS OF SCIENCE (2007) Natural sciences Engineering and technology Medical sciences Agricultural sciences Social sciences Humanities

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade TYPE OF COSTS Current costs Labour costs Other current costs Capital expenditure Land and buildings Instruments and equipment OCCUPATIONS - linked to ISCO Researchers Technicians Other supporting staff

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade FORMAL LEVEL OF EDUCATION (based on ISCED) PhD holders (ISCED 6) Other University degrees and other tertiary diplomas (ISCED 5A and 5B) Other qualifications (ISCED 4 and below) SOCIO-ECONOMIC OBJECTIVES (2007) 01 Exploration and exploitation of the earth 02 Environment 03 Exploration and exploitation of space 04 Transport, telecommunication and other infrastructures

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade SOCIO-ECONOMIC OBJECTIVES Energy 06 Industrial production and technology 07 Health 08 Agriculture 09 Education 10 Culture, recreation, religion and mass media 11 Political and social systems, structures and processes 12 General advancement of knowledge: R&D financed from General University Funds (GUF) 13 General advancement of knowledge: R&D financed from other sources 14 Defence

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade OTHER BREAKDOWNS AGE CLASSES (in years): Up to to to to to and more SIZE CLASSES (in employees) 0 employees; 1 to 9; 10 to 49; 50 to 249; 250 to 499; 500 and more

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade CITIZENSHIP National citizenship Citizenship of other EU Member States Citizenship of other European countries Citizenship of North America Citizenship of central and south America Citizenship of Asia Citizenship of Africa Other citizenship

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade OUTCOMES FROM THE LATEST R&D NATIONAL SURVEYS IN 12 NEW MS AND WBC DATA SOURCES: Eurostat database: BG; CZ; EE; CY; LV; LI; HU; MT; PL; RO; SI; SK; HR Reference year: 2006 UNESCO database: FYROM; CS* Reference year: 2005 * Data exclude Montenegro and Kosovo/UNSCR Serbia and Montenegro data were gathered through UIS surveys conducted during or before 2006, at which time Serbia and Montenegro was a single Member State of UNESCO are presented as such in all graphics.

2-3 October 2008 Belgrade