I. Let’s Talk About CARBON!! Carbon atoms have: 6 protons 6 neutrons

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Presentation transcript:

I. Let’s Talk About CARBON!! Carbon atoms have: 6 protons 6 neutrons 6 electrons (when neutral)

Carbon atoms have 4 valence electrons, and they are all single Carbon atoms will always make 4 bonds. There are lots of ways to do this: 4 single bonds OR 2 singles and 1 double OR 2 doubles OR 1 single and 1 triple

II. So how does Carbon work? A. There are many different forms: Graphite

A. There are many different forms: Diamond

A. There are many different forms: Amorphous

A. There are many different forms: Buckminsterfullerene

B. Carbon in Compounds A hydrocarbon is a compound containing the elements carbon and hydrogen Carbon forms the skeleton of each molecule The hydrogens collect on the outside

C2H6 CH4 C4H10 C3H8

C. Naming Hydrocarbons If all the carbons are single bonded, the skeleton is holding as many hydrogens as it can, so it is saturated  we call this type of hydrocarbon an alkane The prefix is based on the number of carbon atoms If it is saturated, the ending is “-ane”

“pre” fixes One Meth- Five Pent- Nine Non- Two Eth- Six Hex- Ten Dec- Three Prop- Seven Hept- Four But- Eight Oct-

1. CH4 Methane 2. C2H6 Ethane 3. C3H8 Propane 4. C4H10 Butane 5. C6H14 Name the following: 1. CH4 2. C2H6 3. C3H8 4. C4H10 5. C6H14 6. C8H18 Methane Ethane Propane Butane Hexane Octane

What happens if we add a double or triple bond What happens if we add a double or triple bond? We call them unsaturated Alkenes - hydrocarbons containing a double bond Alkynes - hydrocarbons containing a triple bond Ethyne Ethane Ethene Propene

E. Properties of hydrocarbons Because they are nonpolar they don’t dissolve in water. The forces that hold them together are weak so most are gases or volatile liquids at room temperature. Many are flammable - coooool!

F. Is there only one way to make C4H10? NO! These are the two isomers of C4H10

G. Carbon chains How many bonds does carbon like to make? 4 Carbon is good at making long chains also. This results in many properties: Elastic - able to stretch and return to original shape No definite melting point Able to take any shape

G. Carbon Chains Examples of polymers: Plastic and rubber Biological molecules like proteins , fats and starches

Which is which?