(1) Matter Matter = Mass + Volume Atoms = Matter –You = Matter –Your Desk = Matter –Your Cells = Matter

(2) Bonding Interaction of Valence Electrons. –2 or more unstable atoms –Unstable = Wrong # of Valence Electrons Share Valence Electrons = Covalent –Nonmetal + Nonmetal Lose / Steal Valence Electrons = Ionic –Metal + Nonmetal

(3) Carbon Valence Electrons = 4 Unstable  Gain 4, or, Lose 4 4 possible bonds  molecule formation

(4) Biological Elements C = Carbon H = Hydrogen O = Oxygen N = Nitrogen P = Phosphorus S = Sulfur

(5) Biomolecules Biomolecules = Organic = Carbon Types: –Carbohydrates –Lipids –Proteins –Nucleic Acids

(6) Carbohydrates Structure: –C, H, O –Monomer = Monosaccharide –Polymer = Polysaccharide Function: Short term energy! Examples: –Food  Fruits, Grains, Beans, Nuts –Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose, Starch, Cellulose

(7) Lipids Structure: –C, H, O –Monomer = Fatty Acids, Glycerols –Polymer = See Examples! Function: –Long Term Energy! –Cell Membranes –Chemical messaging + cell development Examples: –Food  Oil, Fat, Dairy Products, Avocados, Nuts –Neutral Fats, Steroids & Hormones, Phospholipids

(8) Protein Structure: –C, H, O, N, and sometimes S –Monomer = Amino Acid –Polymer = Polypeptide Function: –Catalyze chemical reactions –Cellular structure –Protein = Visible DNA Examples: –Food  Meat, Nuts, Beans, Dairy –Enzymes, Protein Channels

(9) Nucleic Acids Structure: –C, H, O, N, P –Monomer = Nucleotide –Polymer = See Examples! Function: –Code genetic information –Translate instructions  Protein Examples: –Food  Anything w/cells…. –DNA, RNA