Voyages of Discovery Chapter 16.1

Foundations of Exploration  During the Renaissance, a spirit of discovery and innovation had been awakened in Europe.  Europeans set sail on voyages of discovery to find new lands or new routes to places already known.  This period is sometimes called the Age of Exploration.  During the Renaissance, a spirit of discovery and innovation had been awakened in Europe.  Europeans set sail on voyages of discovery to find new lands or new routes to places already known.  This period is sometimes called the Age of Exploration.

Motivations for Exploration

GOLD  Age of exploration caused by people and countries that wanted to get rich.  How?  Trade  Spices, Silk, Perfume and Jade  From China and India  Trade controlled by Italian merchants that charged high prices to Europeans.  Age of exploration caused by people and countries that wanted to get rich.  How?  Trade  Spices, Silk, Perfume and Jade  From China and India  Trade controlled by Italian merchants that charged high prices to Europeans.

 Explorers wanted to find new and faster routes to India and China to control the trade.  Whoever controls the trade…gets RICH!  The faster you get there and back, the more money you make.  Explorers wanted to find new and faster routes to India and China to control the trade.  Whoever controls the trade…gets RICH!  The faster you get there and back, the more money you make.

Advances in Technology  Compass  From the Chinese  Let sailors know what direction was North  Astrolabe  From the Muslims  Allowed navigators to calculate their location based on the position of the sun and stars in relation to the horizon.  Compass  From the Chinese  Let sailors know what direction was North  Astrolabe  From the Muslims  Allowed navigators to calculate their location based on the position of the sun and stars in relation to the horizon.

Advances in Technology  Shipbuilding  Deep-draft ships  Hold more cargo  Carry more supplies  Caravel- light fast sailing ship  Steered by rudder at the rear  Lateen sails allowed it to sail in any direction  Shipbuilding  Deep-draft ships  Hold more cargo  Carry more supplies  Caravel- light fast sailing ship  Steered by rudder at the rear  Lateen sails allowed it to sail in any direction Caravel with lateen sails

Explorers from Portugal and Spain

 The Portuguese  First country to launch large-scale voyages of exploration.  Prince Henry the Navigator  Patron and supporter of exploration  Established small court with mapmakers, astronomers,others interested in navigation  Explored African coast  Found gold and slave available here  Ultimate goal: find a water route around Africa to India  The Portuguese  First country to launch large-scale voyages of exploration.  Prince Henry the Navigator  Patron and supporter of exploration  Established small court with mapmakers, astronomers,others interested in navigation  Explored African coast  Found gold and slave available here  Ultimate goal: find a water route around Africa to India

The Portuguese  (1488) Bartolomeu Dias became first European to attempt sailing around the tip of Africa. (Cape of Good Hope)

Vasco da Gama  (1497) first to sail from Portugal (around Africa) to India.  Found that Muslim traders were already involved in trade.  Helped Portuguese control this trade route  Result: Portugal became one of the richest and most powerful nations in Europe.

The Spanish  Christopher Columbus  Believed he could sail west from Spain and reach China  No idea the Americas were there.  Landed in Caribbean but thought he was in China or East Indies  Called inhabitants Indians.  Thought he found a new route to India….WRONG!  Made three more voyages

Columbus’ Map

First Voyage

Second Voyage

Third Voyage

Vasco Nunez de Balboa  Led expedition across the Isthmus of Panama.  Became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean

Ferdinand Magellan  (1519)Sailed for Spain  Five ships with 250 men.  Magellan killed in Philippines.  Crew finally arrived in Spain in 1522 with only 18 survivors.  First to circumnavigate the globe.

The English  John Cabot- explored coast of Canada  Sir Francis Drake- 2nd man to sail around the world.  Henry Hudson- (1607) sailed for the Dutch in search of the Northwest Passage

The French  (1534)Jacques Cartier sailed along St. Lawrence River and claimed as New France  Searched for NW Passage but never found it.  (1534)Jacques Cartier sailed along St. Lawrence River and claimed as New France  Searched for NW Passage but never found it.

The Dutch  Henry Hudson- searched for Northeast Passage in 1609 (failure)  Northern route to China  Looked for Northwest Passage through the Americas  Hudson River  Hudson Bay  Henry Hudson- searched for Northeast Passage in 1609 (failure)  Northern route to China  Looked for Northwest Passage through the Americas  Hudson River  Hudson Bay Why in the world are they looking for all of these passages?!!!!!! $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

Henry Hudson’s Voyages

Hudson’s Half Moon