1. AGE OF EXPLORATION 1400s-1750ish

2. MOTIVES FOR EXPLORING SPICES….seriously.
Preserved food, flavored meat, made medicines & perfumes
Moluccas-island chain in present-day Indonesia, called the Spice Islands (pg. 447)
Europeans sought direct route to Asia
Arab merchants brought goods/spices from Far East to markets in the eastern Mediterranean→ Italian traders carried them to Euro markets
Cut out middle man---maximize profit!
Renaissance ideals encouraged curiosity, seeking new lands

4. DRIVE TO EXPLORE GOD, GOLD & GLORY Spread faith
Search for wealth (spices, perfume, silk)
faster routes for trade
Fame & Glory

5. ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY
Some made during the Renaissance
Others borrowed from the Muslims & Chinese
Precise Calculations, Compass, Maps, etc

6. ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY
Compass
Chinese used for centuries
Find bearings and chart courses
Astrolabe
First learned to use from Muslims
Allowed navigators to calculate location based on the position of the sun and stars

7. ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY
Caravel
Light, fast ship invented by the Portuguese
Steered with a rudder rather than side oars
Equipped with triangular sails that could be turned to catch wind from any direction, even to sail directly into a headwind
Could equip w/Cannons!

8. PORTUGUESE-OVERVIEW
Location-small nation on Iberian Peninsula, facing Atlantic Ocean
Prince Henry, Bartholomeu Dias, Vasco de Gama
Discovery of sea route to Asia
Establishment of ports/trading centers in Indonesia & Asia
Rich & Powerful, emerge as World Power

9. MAJOR PLAYERS---PORTUGAL
Prince Henry, aka Henry the Navigator
Thought Portuguese could convert Africans to Christianity & find riches in their lands
Sent ships down the coast of Africa in search for a direct route to Asia
Cartographers mapped the region, serving as a guide for the Portuguese
Died in 1460, but the Portuguese continued their quest

11. BARTHOLOMEU DIAS Continued Henry’s expeditions
1488-rounded the southern tip of Africa
Cape of Good Hope
Opened the way for a sea route to Asia---HUGE

12. VASCO DE GAMA Set out for India in 1497
Reached Calicut, India after 10-month voyage
Return home-lost half their ships, sailors died of hunger, thirst & scurvy
Still an overwhelming success-confirmed Portugal’s status as world power

13. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
Sponsored by Spanish, King Ferdinand & Isabella (1492)
Believed he could sail West around the world & reach China
Miscalculated the size of the Earth and had no idea the Americas even existed

14. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS Set sail on August 3, 1492
The Nina, the Pinta & the Santa Maria
Reached the Caribbean after several months, thinking he reached the West Indies
Named the natives Indians
Returned to Spain as a Hero

15. AMERIGO VESPUCCI Realized Columbus’ error in 1502
Wrote in journals, describing his voyage to Brazil
Later maps named western hemisphere continents as the Americas, in his honor

16. DIVIDING THE GLOBE IN HALF
Pope established the Line of Demarcation, dividing the non European world into two zones
Spain had rights west of the Line, Portugal east
Treaty of Tordesillas-specific terms of the Line of Demarcation outlined, signed in 1494
Significance→Spain, Portugal & other Euro nations realized they needed to build their empires quickly

17. FERDINAND MAGELLAN Set sail from Spain in 1519 w/257 men
Goal-find a way to reach the Pacific
Sailed south & west, eventually reaching the coast of South America
Found a passage that led him to the Pacific Ocean, later named the Strait of Magellan
Men wanted to return the way they came, Magellan pushed on (it’ll only take 3 weeks….or 4 months)
Dies in the Philippines, but 18 of his crew return to Spain having been the first to circumnavigate, or sail around, the world

20. REVIEW What drove Europeans to explore the World?
What motivated them? 3 Gs…
Advances in Technology (Compass, Astrolabe, Caravel)
Portuguese (Prince Henry, Bartholomeu Dias, Vasco de Gama)
Spain (Christopher Columbus, Amerigo Vespucci, Ferdinand Magellan)
Line of Demarcation---signal to Europe