 Became an independent state on July 9, 2011  Gained independence from Sudan  Population: 9 million  193 rd member of the United Nations  54 th member of the African Union -south-sudan-earths-newest-nation-state.html

 Government  Economy  Infrastructure  Health Care and Poverty  Education  Foreign Aid  Environment  Human Rights

 President: Salva Kiir  Vice President: Riak Machar  Democratic movement ◦ 23 registered political parties ◦ Sudan’s People Liberation Movement  The Protocol of Machakos ◦ Free will of its people will be democratic ◦ The right to control and govern their own affairs ◦ Establish a democratic system for diversity ◦ A solution to the economic and social issues in Sudan ◦ The Internationally Monitored Referendum

 Significant, pressing issues ◦ Fiscal policy ◦ Unemployment ◦ Reliance upon imports  Great opportunities ◦ Natural resources ◦ Young and growing population

 Overview ◦ Main problem to growth ◦ Effects of conflict in the area  Currently ◦ One paved street and no highways  Plan to implement more ◦ Donors will be key

 Extremely Poor ◦ Poverty level has decreased  Highest maternal mortality rate  High disease rate  Common Diseases  Goals ◦ Working with the UN to solve both problems ◦ Combating through increase of vaccinations and education

 State policy  Current system  International support  UNESCO’s goals

 UN mandated ‘interim period’ = mixed results ◦ UNMIS, USAID, EC, World Bank  Establish peace and security  Develop democratic government  Capacity building, humanitarian assistance, health care, infrastructure, education ◦ Aid Flows, catalyst for corruption/violence New UN programs = UNMISS + “Abyei”

 Affects of limited institutional capacity ◦ Pollution caused by lack of enforcement of laws ◦ Illegal activities affecting the environment  Environmental issues raised by a booming oil industry in South Sudan ◦ Pollution of lakes ◦ Access to clean water

 Many serious human rights abuses and violations of law  The government of South Sudan needs to take measures to protect civilians and address the problems at hand ◦ Constitution ◦ South Sudan Human Rights Society for Advocacy ◦ Assistance of the United Nations

 Asian Human Rights Commission. “Sudan/‌South Sudan: Addressing the Situation of Human Rights in Sudan and South Sudan at the 18th Session of the UN Human Rights Council.” Paper Presented at 18th United Nations Human Rights Commission. Asian Human Rights Commission. Web. 8 Nov  Bobb, Scott. “Lack of Infrastructure a Major Challenge for South Sudan.” VOANews.com. Voice of America, 16 Feb Web. 2 Nov  Brophy, Michael. “Progress to Universal Primary Education in Southern Sudan: A Short Country Case Study.” Paper Presented at Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2003/‌4, The Leap to Equality. PDF file.  Canadian International Development Agency. “The Sudans.” CIDA. N.p., 2 Nov Web. 8 Nov  CIA. “South Sudan.” CIA World Fact Book. United States Government, 18 Oct Web. 1 Nov  Connors, Will, and Maggie Fick. “South Sudanese Now Must Build an Economy.” Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones and Co., 11 July Web. 2 Nov  Embassy of The Republic of South Sudan. “The UN Welcomes South Sudan as 193rd Member State.” Embassy of the Republic of South Sudan in Washington D.C. The Republic of South Sudan, 14 July Web. 2 Nov  Encyclopedia of the Nations. “Sudan Infrastructure, Power and Communications.” Encyclopedia of the Nations. Advameg Inc., n.d. Web. 2 Nov  Fick, Maggie. “World’s Newest Country: Future of South Sudan Tied to Efficacy of Foreign Aid.” The Christian Science Monitor. N.p., 12 July Web. 8 Nov  Lazardis, Zoe. “The UK’s Role in South Sudan.” Politics Matter. WordPress, 14 July Web. 8 Nov  NBC. “’Free at Last’: South Sudan Is World’s Newest Nation.” Africa on Msnbc.com. Msnbc.com, 9 July Web. 2 Nov  PaanLuel Wël. “South Sudan: 18 Opposition Parties Consider Forming Single Political Party.” PaanLuel Wël: South Sudanese Blogger. WordPress.com, 14 Oct Web. 2 Nov  Periano, Kevin. “Sorry, Sudan.” Newsweek 24 Sept. 2011: n. pag. The Daily Beast. Web. 8 Nov  Ranganathan, Rupa, and Cecilia M. Briceno-Garmendia. South Sudan’s Infrastructure: A Continental Perspective. Research at the World Bank. World Bank, 27 Sept Web. 2 Nov < &piPK= &theSitePK=469382&menuPK= &entityID= _ >.

 Ranganathan, Rupa, and Cecilia M. Briceno-Garmendia. South Sudan’s Infrastructure: A Continental Perspective. Research at the World Bank. World Bank, 27 Sept Web. 2 Nov < &piPK= &theSitePK=469382&menuPK= &entityID= _ >.  Reuters. “Sudan to Cut Budget, Tax More, Employ Fewer Foreigners.” Reuters Africa. Thomason Reuters, 19 Oct Web. 2 Nov  Southern Sudan Civil Society. “The Constitution of Southern Sudan.” Feb PDF file.  South Sudan News Agency. “Rights Advocacy Group Condemns Human Rights Violations in South Sudan; Appeals to Governments for Solutions.” South Sudan News Agency. N.p., 20 Aug Web. 8 Nov  Sudan Tribune. “South Sudan to Mobilize $500 Billion for Future Infrastructure Development, Machar.” Sudan Tribune. Sudan Tribune, 30 June Web. 2 Nov  UNICEF. Challenges Ahead for South Sudan after Independence. UNICEF United States Fund. UNICEF, July Web. 7 Nov  United Nations Development Programme. “South Sudan: Country Profile.” International Human Development Indicators. United Nations, Web. 26 Oct  United Nations Development Programme in South Sudan. “Millenium Development Goals in South Sudan.” United Nations Development Programme. United Nations, Web. 1 Nov  United Nations Mission in the Sudan. “UNMIS Background.” UNMIS. United Nations, n.d. Web. 8 Nov  United Nations Missions in Sudan (UNMIS). “The Background to Sudan’s Comprehensive Peace Agreement.” United Nations Missions in Sudan (UNMIS). United Nations, 9 July Web. 2 Nov  United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Financial Tracking of Donations to the Republic of South Sudan. 9 Nov PDF file.  UN News Centre. “Human Rights in Sudan and South Sudan Remain Precarious, UN Expert Warns.” UN News Centre. UN News Service, 20 Sept Web. 8 Nov  “UN and South Sudan in Joint Effort to Reduce Maternal Mortality.” UN News Centre. UN News Service, 31 Oct Web. 2 Nov  USAID. “Southern Sudan: Environmental Threats and Opportunities Assessment.” Sept PDF file.  Wallis, William. “Sudan’s Economy Reels from Loss of South.” Fiinancial Times. Financial Times Ltd., 17 Oct Web. 2 Nov