Globalization and Education Characteristics, Dynamics, Implications Deane Neubauer Senior Advisor East-West Center Bangkok, September 13-24, 2010

IFE 2020 Leadership Institute September 10-21, 2007 Defining Globalization “…increased economic, cultural, environmental, and social interdependencies and new transnational financial and political formations arising out of the mobility of capital, labor and information, with both homogenizing and differentiating tendencies.” (Jill Blackmore, 2000)

IFE 2020 Leadership Institute September 10-21, 2007 Some characteristics of Globalization: Economic, political, social Increased exchange of goods, values, symbols new regimes of regulation (WTO, NFTA, etc.) World wide growth of market oriented societies Neo-liberalism as a global ideology Greater role for private sector Changing nature of the state Growing inequality. Collapse of time and space--speeding up of change Impacts on both social and cultural homogenization and differentiation. The centrality of migration to global change--a world of slums Global environmental changes

IFE 2020 Leadership Institute September 10-21, 2007 Some Political Economy Issues Changes in where work is done and how it is done. (If education tends to conform to industrial system, how must education change to conform to new order of production?) Emergence of knowledge economies and the network society. (Castells) (What should the content of education be in a network society? How will people learn differently?) Consumerism, learning culture through consumption--the notion of a world of goods. (Given the primacy of consumption, does it come to function as a parallel education system? What do people know? How do they know it?)

IFE 2020 Leadership Institute September 10-21, 2007 The Primacy of Management Managerialism as a new global ideology (How does managerialism affect the organization of education, and its goals and values? How is it changing notions of what constitutes education and its worth to society?) Increasing privatization of education (What does privatization do to education as a public good? What are the social consequences of privatization of education?)

IFE 2020 Leadership Institute September 10-21, 2007 The Particular Importance of Rapid Urbanization Hyper-urbanization and migration first time 50% of world’s population live in cities and urban aggregates. 411 cities of over 1 million. Most urbanization in Asia. Pace of urbanization outstrips capacity of cities to provide infrastructure and services Urbanization problematizes governance (including education) Rapid urbanization compromises government’s capacity to generate state resources Rapid urbanization closely associated with growing inequality and absence of equity

IFE 2020 Leadership Institute September 10-21, “Without concerted action on the part of the municipal authorities, national governments, civil society actors and the international community, the number of slum dwellers is likely to increase in most developing countries. And if no serious action is taken, the number of slum dwellers worldwide is projected to rise over the next 30 years to about 2 billion.”Kofi Annan In developing regions, slum dwellers account for 43 per cent of the population in contrast to about 6 per cent in more developed regions. In sub-Saharan Africa the proportion of urban residents in slums is highest at 71.9 per cent, according to the report. Oceania had the lowest at 24.1 per cent. South-central Asia accounted for 58 per cent, east Asia for 36.4 per cent, western Asia for 33.1 per cent, Latin America and the Caribbean for 31.9 per cent, north Africa for 28.2 per cent and southeast Asia for 28 per cent.. UN Habitat: The Challenge of Slums

IFE 2020 Leadership Institute September 10-21, 2007 “Worlds of Education ” Global cosmopolitanism and resistance (fundamentalism, localism, anti-globalism) Media Religion in a globalized world The expansion and retreat of civil society. (Educating through and about civil society) Technology issues: digital world, digital divide, and the explosion of knowledge; the increasing plurality of knowledge

IFE 2020 Leadership Institute September 10-21, 2007 Issues for Consideration Given that contemporary globalization is about change, increases in rate and kind, what should education be about? Implications for teaching content. Looking at demographic trends and implications for the nature of the state, can the state meet educational needs in populations? How are ideas of the public good changing? In the great rush to the cities, what happens to the “left behind”? What are the implications of demographics for what people are taught in terms of content and cultural capability? (Who will you work for, what will you do, what languages will you speak in doing them?) Given increased income and cultural inequalities, is the “rationalizing” role of education in national societies over? In an world of ever-increasing complexity, what are our obligations to teach “how the world works”? And, who will do it? And, how would we know?

IFE 2020 Leadership Institute September 10-21, 2007 EWC Focus Need for new educational paradigms responsive to an increasingly interdependent world and far-reaching economic, social and technological changes resulting from globalization Educational challenges: anticipating the knowledge, skills and wisdom needed for the future while preserving social stability and maintaining core cultural values Goal: provide a forum for existing and potential leaders in the Asia- Pacific region to work collaboratively in shaping the future of education.

IFE 2020 Leadership Institute September 10-21, 2007 Shift Happens