Lesson 2a – Peron: Consolidation of Power Essential Question What were the social and economic policies of the Peron government? Learning Outcomes - Students will: – Review: Questions from last class – Learn about their consequences Success Criteria I can explain the social and economic policies initiated by Peron

Reading 28~44 Compare and Contrast Hitler’s Economic and Social Policies with Peron’s.

Vocab Peronism EPF – Eva Peron Foundation

Homework Edmodo: zdu3ig I. Read pages 28 to 44 ‘Section II: The Rule of Juan Peron’ (stop at Section III). II. Create a chart, memory map or a table to record information about the following sections: Actions to consolidate power Political & social parties Status of women Education, the arts & propaganda Economic policies Your homework will be checked for accuracy, reasonable detail, and effort!

Who supported Peron? After the Labor reforms made as a Secretary of Labor the working class supported him. The 1944 nicaraguan earthquake gave him a platform to gain more followers from the poor masses received support from the «descamisados» and the «cabezitas negras». The Labor Party was the backbone for his election.

Method used to establish the ASPS Used Evita as the head of labor unions (CGT) Used Evita as the link between the leader and the masses Constitutional reforms, to include social justice and to allow presidential re-election twice in a row: legal way of establishing absolute rule

Form of Government Justicialismo – Third Way to keep good diplomatic relations with both sides during the time of the Cold War Authoritarian – any attempts of opposition would be crushed violently He appointed the members of the supreme court

Domestic Policies Labor reform – 8 hour day established and Sunday’s off – Workers received paid vacations – Retirement law was established!! – Maternity leave for women: 3 months! – Workers’ recreation centers constructed all over Argentina and available for a small fee Forming of trade unions in every industry Payment of Argentina’s foreign debt Public works’ schemes: hospitals, schools

Workers’ recreation centers (social tourism)

Economic Policies Were the basis of Peron’s rule. Wanted a free economy, independent from foreign influence  they were in a good position for this as they had huge reserves from the nationalizing of the Central Bank Nationalized industries through his 5YP – Transportation/railways (UK/France)/Telecomunications – Opened employment opportunities at state’s expense

Economic policies … continued Helped with the industrialization of Argentina hoping to achieve autarchy – Airplane industry – Marine industry – Automotive industry (Argentina was 2nd in the world to use glass fiber in a Porsche!) However, by ‘47, 32% of reserves were gone! Economic stagnation plagued his 2nd term: workers began to lose faith after Eva died in ‘52.

Social Policies Instill a strong sense of Nationalism Allow for a more social democracy through his social policies: – Equal redistribution of the wealth, retirement laws – Wages’ improvement, family salary, paid vacations – This showed Peron’s support for the working class These were the basis during his first presidency, Argentina went from exploited in the 1930s to a «solidary Argentina» by Medical care: maternity, dental, other consultations Low-income housing projects were created and carried out during both 5YPs Interest rates were frozen

Low income housing

Religious Policies Argentina was Catholic and gave him initial supprt, however, upon realizing their being used to gain him support: 1954 – Peron wants the separation of the Church and state He passes laws that eliminated religious holidays Pope Pius XII excommunicated Peron and all Peronistas after passing a law to legalize prostitution and divorce

Constitutional reform of 1949 Aim: to eliminate social injustice. Reformed in March 1949 from 1853 and it includes all the social policies mentioned before (family, elderly, education, etc.) See article 39 and 40 about the use of property for the good of the Nation.

Foreign Policy Self determination of countries and solidarity with smaller countries were the basis of his foreign policy.

Role of education More access to the masses through the creation of the Ministry of Education and Union Schools with free education for all. Removal of university fees Universities were aiming to educate those who deserved it and worked to obtain more knowledge Indoctrination of youth in schools

Role of propaganda Books for school aged children, see the handout on Propaganda for an example of such stories published by his regime.

More Propaganda

Role of media Controlled Radio, press, TV, Film and theatre by censorship Evita had her own newspaper: Democracias where loads of propaganda was published

Status of Women Due to Evita’s support, the role of women and their rights changed drastically in Argentina. Women were given political rights: – 1947 right to vote and hold office The also maintained traditional roles: – Raising children to be great Peronistas – Women belong in the home

Status of other minority groups Youth Union of Secondary Students Early childhood