BA Why does the Eastern and Western Roman Empire’s beliefs and religion change? 2. What leads to the schism (separation) of the Christian church? 3. What is excommunication?

SSWH4 THE STUDENT WILL ANALYZE THE IMPORTANCE OF THE BYZANTINE AND MONGOL EMPIRES BETWEEN 450 CE AND 1500 CE. Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism. Fall of Byzantine Empire & the Russian Empire

Creation of Russia Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches compete for converts 9 th century: Orthodox missionaries take Christianity to the Slavs  Slavs: group that inhabit forests north of the Black Sea Missionaries develop Cyrillic alphabet so Slavs can read the Bible

Rule of Law The Twelve Tables and Justinian’s Code influence the idea that law rules the land not individuals Justinian wanted to make sure that the emperors maintained order not increased their own power

Review Muslims conquered Constantinople which increased the control of the Ottoman Empire The Catholic church’s highest office is the pope where as the Orthodox church’s highest office is the patriarch who is still under the control of the emperor Great Schism is the split between Catholic and Orthodox church

Decline of Byzantine Empire

Slavs Tribes of farmers and traders Settle forests around Ural Mountains near the Black & Baltic Seas Tribes spoke similar languages

Slavs continued No political unity Traded with Byzantine Empire  Absorbed Byzantine’s Greek customs Blending of Byzantine’s customs creates Russian culture

Rus 800’s: small bands of Swedish Vikings in Slavic land  Known as Rus Name Russia comes from these people Rus settle among Slavs

Vikings of europe

Kiev City Converts to Christianity  Adopts ideas from Byzantine Empire  Link between church & state 3 Reasons Kiev rises in power: 1. Russia’s 1 st important unified territory 2. Expands its territory  Into Poland & north to the Baltic Sea 3. Develops legal code

3 Reasons for Kiev’s Decline 1. Power in the hands of many 2. Leaders fighting each other for territory 3. The Crusades  Fighting Muslims & Christians  Disrupts Kiev’s trade

Mongol Invasions of Kiev Middle 1200’s Mongols: ferocious group of horsemen from Central Asia First led by Genghis Khan  Most feared warrior of all time

Mongol Invasions of Kiev continued Savage killing & burning won them a reputation for ruthless behavior Empire stretched from Yellow Sea to Baltic Sea and from the Himalayas to northern Russia at its fullest extent 1240: Genghis Khan’s grandson, Batu Khan attacks & demolishes Kiev  Citizens were slaughtered Mongols rule Russia for 200 years  Allow for safe travel due to strict security

Mongol Rule of Russia Empire’s official name: “Khanate of the Golden Horde”  Khanate: Mongol word for kingdom  Golden: gold was royal color of Mongols  Horde: Mongol word for camp Russians could follow all their customs, as long as they made no attempt to rebel  Allowed religious freedom

Mongol Rule continued Mongols 2 demands from Russia: 1. Absolute obedience 2. Massive amounts of tribute (payments) Mongol rule isolates Russia  Little access to new ideas & inventions  Russia will stay 200 years behind the rest of Europe

Russia’s Independence City of Moscow founded in 1100’s  Village protected by a log wall City strategically located near 3 major rivers:  Rivers Volga, Dnieper, Don Control of 3 rivers could challenge Mongol rule

Ivan I

Prince of Moscow Helps put down Russian revolt against Mongols  Gains power with Mongols Mongols appoint him tax collector of all Russian lands  Gains Mongols trust and able to rule

Ivan I continued Convinces Patriarch of Kiev to move to Moscow  Gives Moscow more prestige and powerful ally with church Plan allows successors to gain more territory from Mongols

Ivan III

 Russian state becomes an empire under Ivan III  Upon becoming prince of Moscow, Ivan III openly challenges Mongol rule  Calls himself czar  Czar: Russian for Caesar  Wants to make Russia the Third Rome

Ivan III continued 1480: Ivan III makes a final break with Mongols Refuses to pay his rulers tribute Russian and Mongol armies face off Neither side attacks each other  Stare at each other from other side of river Russians claim this standoff as their freedom from Mongol rule

EA 1/28 What is Rule of Law? Who leads the Catholic church? Who leads the Orthodox church? What leader helped pass laws that protected the rights of women in the Byzantine Empire? What event led to greater unity within the Russian Orthodox Church?

Opinion Writing ½ page Do you feel that Mongol rule was beneficial to Russia? Why or why not? Explain your reasoning