William Terzaghi Spring 2013 Bio 369: Plant Physiology

COURSE OVERVIEW 1) Understanding how plants work.

Understanding how plants work. Solar input = 1.3 kW/m2

Understanding how plants work. Solar input = 1.3 kW/m2 5% (max) can be stored in organics

Understanding how plants work. Solar input = 1.3 kW/m2 5% (65W/m2) can be stored Humans consume ~ 100 W (360,000 J/hour)

Understanding how plants work. Solar input = 1.3 kW/m2 5% (65W/m2) can be stored Humans consume ~ 100 W (360,000 J/hour) Plants must have high surface area & low metabolism

Understanding how plants work. Photosynthesis

Understanding how plants work. Photosynthesis Nutrition

Understanding how plants work. Photosynthesis Nutrition Metabolism

Understanding how plants work. Photosynthesis Nutrition Metabolism Growth & development

COURSE OVERVIEW 1) Understanding how plants work. 2) Understanding how plant physiologists work. Method

COURSE OVERVIEW 1) Understanding how plants work. 2) Understanding how plant physiologists work. Method Technology

Plan A Standard lecture course

Plan B Standard lecture course, except:

Plan B Standard lecture course, except: 1.Last lectures will be chosen by you -> electives

Plan B Standard lecture course, except: 1.Last lectures will be chosen by you -> electives 2.Last 4 labs will be an independent research project

Plan B Standard lecture course, except: 1.Last lectures will be chosen by you -> electives 2.Last 4 labs will be an independent research project 3.20% of grade will be “elective” Paper Talk Research proposal Poster

Plan B Standard lecture course, except: 1.Last lectures will be chosen by you -> electives 2.Last 4 labs will be an independent research project 3.20% of grade will be “elective” Paper Talk Research proposal Poster Exam

Plan B schedule- Spring 2013 DateTOPIC JAN14General Introduction 16plant structure I 18plant structure II 21plants and water I 23plants and water II 25mineral nutrition I 28mineral nutrition II 30solute transport I FEB1solute transport II 4Photosynthetic light reactions I 6Photosynthetic light reactions II 8Calvin cycle 11C4 and CAM 13Environmental effects 15Phloem transport I 18 Exam 1

20Phloem transport II 22Respiration I 25Respiration II 27Respiration III MAR1Lipid synthesis 4Spring Recess 6Spring Recess 8Spring Recess 11Biofuels 13Nutrient assimilation I 15Nutrient assimilation II 18Cell wall synthesis and growth I 20Cell wall synthesis and growth II 22Growth and development I 25Growth and development II 27Light regulation of growth I 29Easter APR1Easter

APR3Light regulation of growth II 5Growth regulators I 8Growth regulators II 10Growth regulators III 12Growth regulators IV 15Exam 2 17Elective 19Elective 22Elective 24Elective 26Elective 29Elective May1ElectiveLast Class! ???Final examination

Possible elective topics 1) Plant defense compounds 2) Control of flowering 3) Blue-light responses 4) Plant stress responses 5) Plant pathogens 6) Plant movements (heliotropism, venus fly traps, etc) 7) Plant neurobiology 8) Plants and global warming 9) Organelle genetics 10) Plant biotechnology 11) Phytoremediation 12) Lamarckian evolution 13) Self-incompatibility

Lab Schedule DateTOPIC Jan18General introduction, plant structure 25Water potential and transpiration Feb1Mineral nutrition 8Light reactions of photosynthesis 15CO 2 assimilation, C3 vs C4 and CAM 22Environmental effects on CO 2 assimilation Mar1Respiration 8Spring Recess 15Induction of nitrate reductase 22Growth and development I 29Easter Apr5Independent project 12Independent project 19Independent project 26 Independent project

Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us.

Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1.Biofuels

Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1.Biofuels What would make a good biofuel? How and where to grow it? Can we get plants/algae to make diesel, H 2 (g) or electricity?

Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1.Biofuels 2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general)

Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1.Biofuels 2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general) Can we use plants to clean up contaminated soil or water? What’s involved? What would be a good plant?

Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1.Biofuels 2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general) 3. Climate change

Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1.Biofuels 2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general) 3. Climate change How will plants be affected? Can we use plants to help alleviate it?

Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1.Biofuels 2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general) 3. Climate change 4. Resveratrol synthesis in Japanese knotweed

Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1.Biofuels 2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general) 3. Climate change 4. Resveratrol synthesis in Japanese knotweed Where do they make it? What factors influence it?

Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1.Biofuels 2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general) 3. Climate change 4. Resveratrol synthesis in Japanese knotweed 5. Other plant products?

Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1.Biofuels 2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general) 3. Climate change 4. Resveratrol synthesis in Japanese knotweed 5. Other plant products? 6. Organic farming, alternatives to herbicides & pesticides Caffeine bioremediation Something else?

Plan C We will pick a problem in plant physiology and see where it takes us. 1.Biofuels 2. Frack-water (or bioremediation in general) 3. Climate change 4. Resveratrol synthesis in Japanese knotweed 5. Other plant products? 6. Something else? 1.Pick a problem

Plan C 1.Pick a problem 2.Pick some plants to study

Plan C 1.Pick a problem 2.Pick some plants to study 3.Design some experiments

Plan C 1.Pick a problem 2.Pick some plants to study 3.Design some experiments 4.See where they lead us

Plan C 1.Pick a problem 2.Pick some plants to study 3.Design some experiments 4.See where they lead us Grading? Combination of papers and presentations

Plan C Grading? Combination of papers and presentations First presentation:10 points Research presentation: 10 points Final presentation: 15 points Assignments: 5 points each Poster: 10 points Intermediate report 10 points Final report: 30 points

BIO Resource and Policy Information Instructor: Dr. William Terzaghi Office: SLC 363 Office hours: MWF 10:00-12:00, or by appointment Phone: (570)

BIO Resource and Policy Information Instructor: Dr. William Terzaghi Office: SLC 363 Office hours: MWF 10:00-12:00, or by appointment Phone: (570) Course webpage:

BIO Resource and Policy Information Instructor: Dr. William Terzaghi Office: SLC 363 Office hours: MWF 10:00-12:00, or by appointment Phone: (570) Course webpage: Text: Taiz & Zeiger (2011). Plant Physiology, 5 th Ed. Sinauer Assoc, Sunderland, MA. ISBN

Plant Structure 3 Parts 1.Leaf 2.Stem 3.Root

Plant Structure 3 Parts 1.Leaf A.Cuticle = lipid barrier

Plant Structure 3 Parts 1.Leaf A.Cuticle = lipid barrier B.Epidermis = barrier cells

Leaf Structure A.Cuticle = lipid barrier B.Epidermis = barrier cells C.Stomate = gate controlled by guard cells

Leaf Structure A.Cuticle = lipid barrier B.Epidermis = barrier cells C.Stomate = gate controlled by guard cells D.Mesophyll = photosynthetic cells

Leaf Structure A.Cuticle = lipid barrier B.Epidermis = barrier cells C.Stomate = gate controlled by guard cells D.Mesophyll = photosynthetic cells E.Bundle Sheath = control import/export

Leaf Structure E.Bundle Sheath = control import/export F.Vascular tissue = plumbing Xylem = water & inorganics Dead!

Leaf Structure E.Bundle Sheath = control import/export F.Vascular tissue = plumbing Xylem = water & inorganics Dead! Phloem = sugars

Leaf Structure E.Bundle Sheath = control import/export F.Vascular tissue = plumbing Xylem = water & inorganics Dead! Phloem = sugars Live!

Plant Structure Kranz anatomy = less mesophyll, more bundle sheath

Plant Structure 3 Parts 1.Leaf 2.Stem

Plant Structure 3 Parts 1.Leaf 2.Stem Apical meristems create new shoot cells

Plant Structure Stem Apical meristems create new shoot cells Vascular cambium creates new xylem & phloem