Cardiovascular Unit (Day 4) Bell Ringer:  On a piece of paper, write your name and today’s date  Do not use your notes!!!  Write the process of how “bad” blood becomes “good” blood.  Include all the chambers, valves, arteries, veins, and lungs.

Bell Ringer Answer Deoxygenated blood goes through the Vena Cava, the largest veins in the body; into the right atrium, the upper right chamber of the heart. The right atrium squeezes blood through the tricuspid valve filling the right ventricle, the lower right chamber of the heart. The right ventricle contracts and sends the blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary arteries which carry blood to the lungs where, when you breathe, the blood loses carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen. The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood back to the heart into the left atrium, the upper left chamber of the heart. The left atrium contracts and sends blood through the mitral valve filling the left ventricle, the lower left chamber of the heart. The left ventricle pumps the blood through the aortic valve into the aorta, the largest artery in the body. The aorta branches off into numerous smaller arteries that carry oxygenated blood to the rest of the body The body takes the oxygen out of the blood and uses it in your body's cells. It all happens in less than a minute.

Diseases of the Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular disease isn't an actual disease in itself. Rather, it refers to a wide range of disorders affecting not only the heart (cardio), but the blood vessels (vascular) as well. Since the heart and blood vessels work as one "system," disorders of the heart or of the blood vessels can affect your overall cardiovascular health.

Heart Disorders Video Clip

Cardiovascular System When a person's arteries are healthy, the walls are smooth, and there's plenty of room for the blood to flow freely. Diseased arteries are so clogged with fatty deposits that there's very little room left for the blood. Because the blood vessel is so narrow, a clot can block the flow of blood entirely, causing a heart attack or a stroke.

Heart attack Heart attack - When blood flow to the heart stops. During a heart attack, blood flow to part of the heart is blocked and that part of the heart muscle is damaged. The heart may then beat with an abnormal rhythm, but the heart doesn't necessarily stop beating altogether.

Cardiac arrest Cardiac arrest- The heart does stop beating and the resulting loss of blood flow to the brain causes an immediate loss of consciousness. Cardiac arrest happens suddenly and it must be treated immediately by emergency procedures or death will shortly follow.

Stroke Stroke - when blood flow to the brain is affected

Hypertension People who suffer from hypertension have consistently high blood pressure. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension) means that the pressure your blood exerts against the walls of the blood vessels is dangerously high. This excess pressure weakens artery walls and decreases their elasticity, forcing the heart to pump harder.

Hypertension cont’d Arteries can also break due to this excess force and can cause hemorrhage (excessive bleeding). The effects of hypertension can be felt throughout the entire cardiovascular system, and people with this disease are at risk of damaging their heart, kidneys, eyes, and even their brain.

An aneurysm is an area of unusual bulging or ballooning of one of the arteries in the body.

Coronary heart disease Or coronary artery disease (CAD) Arteries have different names, depending on what part of the body they supply Those supplying the heart itself are called coronary arteries. When these arteries are affected, the result is coronary heart disease.

Coronary heart disease Coronary heart disease results from the coronary arteries becoming narrowed with fatty deposits on the inside wall. This narrowing reduces flow of blood to the heart and increases the chances of a blood clot blocking the artery, resulting in a heart attack.

Causes of coronary heart disease Things you can change: High Blood Pressure Cholesterol Being over Weight Lack of Exercise Stress Smoking Drinking Alcohol

Causes of coronary heart disease Things you can not change: Age Sex Family History

Heart Disease Prevention What we eat, how much we exercise, how we react to stress, our family history, our blood pressure and whether or not we abuse tobacco, alcohol or other drugs has a direct impact on our heart and circulatory system. Often, the progression of heart disease can be arrested with a careful combination of medical attention and lifestyle changes.

A person who wants to prevent heart disease should: Quit or don't start smoking. Reduce the amount of fat in the diet Restrict the intake of cholesterol Eat a varied diet that emphasizes whole grains, vegetables, fruits and whole grain breads and pastas.

Prevention cont’d Exercise regularly. Maintain a healthy weight. Learn to manage stress. Watch your blood pressure.

For things you can not change: A person's age, sex, family history, medical history and other health and environmental factors can also affect the tendency to develop heart disease. The best way to start protecting against heart attack is to know your personal risk factors and to tailor your lifestyle changes to suit your particular medical needs. For additional advice on developing good eating habits or an exercise program, ask your healthcare provider for specific information and referrals to support groups or other medical specialists.

Affects of Exercise on the Heart

Affects of Diet on the Heart

It is never too late to reduce your risk of developing coronary heart disease. As soon as you do something about risk factors, your chances improve and you reduce the risk of a heart attack. Finally…

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