Endocrine
Q: Type of Neuro check where tap on facial cheek causes lip and facial spasm. (From hypocalcemia/tetany).
A: Chvostek’s sign
Q: Cells of organs that are influenced by hormones or neurotransmitters
A: Target Cells
Q: Hypothyroidism during infancy
A: Cretinism
Q: The normal blood sugar rebound that follows hypoglycemia.
A: Somogyi Effect
Q: A normal occurence when blood sugar elevates at 3 am.
A: Dawn Phenomenon
Q: Growth Hormone, a direct hormone from the anterior pituitary.
A: Somatotropin
Q: Too much growth hormone after adulthood.
A: Acromegaly
Q: Carpal spasm when blood flow restricted to lower arm. (an indicator of low calcium).
A: Trousseau’s Sign
Q: Enlarged heart. Big flabby weak heart.
A: Cardiomegaly
Q: Thyroid Storm. Thyroid Crisis.
A: Hyperthyroidism. Thyrotoxicosis (with tachycardia and HTN)
Q: Adrenal cortex does not produce enough cortisol…poor response to stress, tired, Bronze Color. President Kennedy.
A: Addison’s Disease
Q: Indirect hormones. Secreted by one gland, but “targets” another. (eg: pituitary puts out thyroid, which targets thyroid gland).
A: Tropic Hormones
Q: Abrupt withdrawl of steroids, natural body steroids or prescription steroids. Low bp, high K +
A: Addisonian crisis
Q: build up of ketones in the blood / diabetic coma
A: Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Q: Excessive urination
A: Polyuria
Q: Condition caused by insufficient growth hormone. Body and head proportional, limbs stunted.
A: Dwarfism
Q: Voracious Hunger
A: Polyphagia
Q: Glands which secrete hormones directly into the blood. Glands without ducts.
A: Endocrine glands.
Q: Excessive Thirst
A: Polydipsia
Q: Glands with ducts.
A: Exocrine Glands
Q: Condition with a benign tumor causing excessive epinephrine and norepinephrine. HTN!!!
A: Pheochromocytoma
Q: Name for bulging eyes.
A: Exothalmos
Q: Enlargement of the thyroid gland (swollen lower neck)
A: Goiter
Q: Enlarged Liver
A: Hepatomegaly
Q: When a Type II Diabetic Has Extreme Hyperglycemia
A: HHNC or HHS Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (Nonketotic Coma)
Q: Name for two hormones: FSH Follicle- Stimulating Hormone and LH, Luteinizing Hormone.
A: Gonadotropins
Q: Balance in the body.
A: Homeostasis
Q: Hypothyroidism
A: Myxedema
Q: Severe hypothyroidism. Lethargy>>hypothermia >>coma.
A: Myxedema coma
Q: Pancreas makes insulin but body unable to use it (usually due to excessive weight).
A: Insulin Resistance
Q: word for ( gluco se + cort ex + ster oid )
A: Glucocorticoids
Q: norml A 1 C level
A: 4.5 to 6% nondiabetics 5.7 to 6.4%= prediabetes Diabetic goal is 7 or less
Q: Steroids turn inflammation down by turning what system down?
A: the immune system
Q: T he most important human glucocorticoid:
A: Cortisol
Q: Enzymes elevated during pancreatitis:
A: amylase and lipase
Q: Yes or No. Do we teach diabetics to take their insulin even if they are sick and unable to eat?
A: Yes, because glucose levels increase with illness.
Q: If we find a type I diabetic collapsed, what is first action?
A: Administer IV glucose. If wrong, it won’t make a big difference. Glucose starvation of the brain cells means… time is of the essence.
Q: Word meaning, “we don’t know what caused it”
A: Idiopathic
Q: Word meaning caused my medical treatment or procedure. (doctor caused)
A: Iatrogenic Such as iatrogenic cushing’s disease
Q: Another word for neonatal hypothyroidism:
A: Cretinism
Q: Result of too much growth hormone during childhood:
A: Gigantism
Q: Type of Diabetes in Pregnancy
A: Gestational Diabetes
Q: What electrolyte does parathyroid hormone rob?
A: Calcium
Q: Condition that can be brought on by too much predisone:
A: Cushing’s Syndrome
Q: A beneign tumor of the adrenal glands:
A: Pheochromocytoma
Q: Most common cause of hypothyroidism (autoimmune)
A: Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Q: Another term for Hyperthyroidism
A: Grave’s Disease
Q: Diabetes Caused by disease or medication:
A: Secondary Diabetes
Q: Condition where cannot react to stress very well due to lack of stress hormones
A: Addison’s Disease
Q: Condition that can be brought on by thyroid surgery: (heart rate may be 200 beats/min)
A: Thyroid Storm