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The Endocrine System With nervous system coordinates the function of all body systems Regulates homeostasis through hormones.

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Presentation on theme: "The Endocrine System With nervous system coordinates the function of all body systems Regulates homeostasis through hormones."— Presentation transcript:

1 The Endocrine System With nervous system coordinates the function of all body systems Regulates homeostasis through hormones

2 Hormones Over 50 hormones Secretions enter blood
Effect target cell, tissue organ Most only affect a few types of cells

3 FUNCTIONS OF HORMONES Helps regulate: 1. metabolism
2. ICF & ECF balance 3. contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle 4. Reproductive system Control growth & development

4 Hormone Function

5 Pituitary Gland

6 Thyroid

7 Parathyroid

8 Adrenal glands

9 Pancreas The endocrine tissue of the pancreas is called the Pancreatic Islets or Islets of Langerhans Alpha Cells - secrete Glucagon raises blood sugar Beta Cells - secrete Insulin lowers blood sugar

10 STRESS Anything that disrupts homeostasis May be physical
May be related to life situations

11 General Adaptation syndrome (GAS)
Three stages Body’s response to stress

12 Alarm Stage Body is preparing for stress
Body’s way of dealing with a stressor

13 Body changes during alarm
Increase blood pressure Increase heart rate Muscles tense Decrease in blood supply to digestive system

14 Body changes during alarm
More mentally alert Better hearing and eyesight Sweating Dry mouth More blood and glucose to muscles

15 Resistance stage Body is dealing with the stress
Body is trying to keep going Body’s way of dealing with prolonged stress

16 Exhaustion stage Body is worn out Major fatigue
Increase in cortisol levels Decrease in K+ Immune system is depressed Illness may occur

17 Metabolic Diseases and Disorders of the Endocrine System

18 Dwarfism caused by a hyposecretion of hGH during the growth years
causes slow bone growth epiphyseal plates close before normal height is reached other organs of the body may also fail to grow and develop treatment requires administration of hGH during childhood

19 Gigantism caused by the hypersecretion of hGH during childhood
abnormal increase in bone length and size of other organs the person is very tall with normal body proportions

20 Acromegaly caused by the hypersecretion of hGH during adulthood
also caused by steroid and hGH use bones of hands, feet, and skull thicken eyelids, lips, and tongue enlarge skin thickens and develops furrows

21 Cushing’s Syndrome caused by hypersecretion of glucocorticoids, especially cortisol results in redistribution of body fat spindly arms and legs rounded moon - faced appearance hanging abdomen with stretch marks or Striae individuals often bruises easily poor wound healing

22 Cretinism caused by hyposecretion of thyroid hormones during fetal development exhibits dwarfism because the skeleton fails to grow individuals are usually severely mentally retarded retarded sexual development usually have a yellowish skin color

23 Myxedema caused by hypothyroidism during the adult years
causes facial tissue to swell and look puffy about 5 times more common in females other symptoms include: bradycardia - low body temperature lethargy - muscle weakness dry skin and hair - easily gains weight sensitivity to cold - hypersensitive to drugs

24 Graves’ Disease caused by hyperthyroidism an autoimmune disorder
increased metabolism - heat intolerance increased sweating - insomnia weight loss - nervousness tremors of hands may have a slightly enlarged thyroid gland (Goiter) causes the eyes to protrude (Exophthalmos)

25 Diabetes Mellitus a group of disorders that leads to an elevation of blood glucose (Hyperglycemia) symptoms include: polyuria - polydipsia polyphagia - glucosuria Two Types or Categories of Diabetes Type I Diabetes = Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) Type II Diabetes = Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM)

26 Type I Diabetes (IDDM) pancreas does not produce insulin due to the destruction of Beta cells in the Islets of Langerhans requires regular injections of insulin to prevent death most commonly develops in individuals younger than 20 years old (Juvenile Onset Diabetes Mellitus) appears to be an autoimmune disorder

27 Type II Diabetes (NIDDM)
also called Maturity Onset Diabetes much more common type of Diabetes (over 90% of Diabetes cases) most often occurs in individuals over 40 most individuals are overweight or clinically obese blood glucose levels can usually be controlled by diet, exercise, and weight loss and control

28 Complications from Diabetes
atherosclerosis heart disease peripheral vascular disease severe kidney damage glaucoma gangrene ketoacidosis weight loss

29 Treatments for Diabetes
regular insulin injections artificial pancreas transplantation of the pancreas transplantation of clusters of Islet Cells injection of fetal Islet Cells

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