1. 4.04 Understand Disorders of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the endocrine system 1

2. Disorders of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the endocrine system

3. Disorders of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Adrenal Cortex
Addison's disease
Cause: autoimmune processes, infection, cancer, abnormalities of the hypothalamus and pituitary
Symptoms: weight loss, muscle weakness, fatigue, low BP, hypoglycemia, irritability, depression, excessive skin pigmentation.
Diagnosis: blood tests and imaging
Treatment - Hormone replacement

4. Disorders of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Adrenal Cortex
Cushing's Syndrome
Over secretion of Cortisol
Symptoms: upper body obesity, round face, easy bruising, osteoprosis, fatigue, depression, hypertension, high blood sugar
Treated by treating cause - a tumor
Diagnosis: blood and urine test, MRI
Causes: side effect of medical steroid use, pituitary or adrenal tumor, genetic disorder
Before
After

5. Disorders of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Adrenal Glands
Steroid Abuse
in Sports
What are the risks?
Males
Females
Why is it illegal?
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the endocrine system

6. Disorders of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Pancreas
Diabetes Mellitus
Normal blood sugar range is mg
Most common symptoms: polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia, weight loss, blurred vision, and possible diabetic coma
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the endocrine system 6

7. Disorders of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Pancreas
Diabetes Mellitus (Type I)
Treated with insulin injections: insulin dependent
Age group most commonly affected are young children or young adults
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the endocrine system

8. Disorders of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Pancreas
Diabetes Type II
Adult populations from overworking or overuse of pancreas caused by poor diet/excess weight/heredity - not insulin dependent
Most common form of diabetes, usually familial, occurs later in life, usually treated with diet

9. Disorders of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Pituitary Gland
Acromegaly
Enlargement of the bones of the hands, feet and joints with a characteristic protruding chin
Caused by problems with growth hormone produced by pituitary gland
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the endocrine system 9

10. Disorders of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Pituitary Gland
Growth Hormone Deficiency (childhood)
Common symptoms: failure to attain normal height, abnormally slow growth
Treated with growth hormone injection
Diagnosis: blood tests, rule out other causes of dwarfism

11. Disorders of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Pituitary Gland
Gigantism
Caused by hyperfunction of pituitary - too much growth hormone
Symptoms: in preadolescence causes overgrowth of long bones leads to excessive tallness 11

12. Disorders of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Parathyroid
Tetany (hypoparathyroid):
Symptoms: convulsive twitching develops, person dies of spasms in the respiratory muscles
Treatment: vitamin D, calcium and parathormone
Complications of tetany include decreased calcium levels which affect functions of nerves
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the endocrine system

13. Disorders of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Thyroid Gland
Hyperthyroidism
Overactive thyroid gland, too much thyroxine leads to enlargement of gland
Symptoms: consuming large quantities of food but lose weight, nervous irritability
Goiter which is enlargement of gland
Exophthalmos with is bulging of eyeballs
Treatment: partial or total removal of gland, drugs to reduce thyroxine, radiation 13

14. Disorders of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Thyroid Gland
Hypothyroidism
Not enough thyroxine, may be due to lack of iodine (simple goiter)
Symptoms: dry, itchy skin, dry and brittle hair, constipation, muscle cramps at night

15. 4.04 Understand the Functions and Disorders of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
What are some disorders of the endocrine system?
How do you relate the body’s hormones to the endocrine system?
4.04 Understand the functions and disorders of the endocrine system