McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Chapter 7 Transmission Media

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.1 Transmission medium and physical layer

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.2 Classes of transmission media

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Guided Media Twisted-Pair Cable Coaxial Cable Fiber-Optic Cable

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.3 Twisted-pair cable

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.4 UTP and STP

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Table 7.1 Categories of unshielded twisted-pair cables CategoryBandwidthData RateDigital/AnalogUse 1very low< 100 kbpsAnalogTelephone 2 < 2 MHz2 MbpsAnalog/digitalT-1 lines 3 16 MHz 10 MbpsDigitalLANs 4 20 MHz 20 MbpsDigitalLANs MHz 100 MbpsDigitalLANs 6 (draft) 200 MHz 200 MbpsDigitalLANs 7 (draft) 600 MHz 600 MbpsDigitalLANs

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.5 UTP connector

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.6 UTP performance

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.7 Coaxial cable

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Table 7.2 Categories of coaxial cables CategoryImpedanceUse RG Cable TV RG Thin Ethernet RG Thick Ethernet

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.8 BNC connectors

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.9 Coaxial cable performance

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.10 Bending of light ray

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.11 Optical fiber

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.12 Propagation modes

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.13 Modes

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Table 7.3 Fiber types TypeCoreCladdingMode 50/ Multimode, graded-index 62.5/ Multimode, graded-index 100/ Multimode, graded-index 7/ Single-mode

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.14 Fiber construction

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.15 Fiber-optic cable connectors

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.16 Optical fiber performance

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Unguided Media: Wireless Radio Waves Microwaves Infrared

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.17 Electromagnetic spectrum for wireless communication

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.18 Propagation methods

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Table 7.4 Bands BandRangePropagationApplication VLF3–30 KHzGroundLong-range radio navigation LF30–300 KHzGround Radio beacons and navigational locators MF300 KHz–3 MHzSkyAM radio HF3–30 MHzSky Citizens band (CB), ship/aircraft communication VHF30–300 MHz Sky and line-of-sight VHF TV, FM radio UHF300 MHz–3 GHzLine-of-sight UHF TV, cellular phones, paging, satellite SHF3–30 GHzLine-of-sightSatellite communication EHF30–300 GHzLine-of-sightLong-range radio navigation

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.19 Wireless transmission waves

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.20 Omnidirectional antennas

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Radio waves are used for multicast communications, such as radio and television, and paging systems. Note:

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Figure 7.21 Unidirectional antennas

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Microwaves are used for unicast communication such as cellular telephones, satellite networks, and wireless LANs. Note:

McGraw-Hill©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2004 Infrared signals can be used for short- range communication in a closed area using line-of-sight propagation. Note: