1. Visit for more Learning Resources
Figure 5.1 Transmission medium and physical layer
Visit for more Learning Resources

2. Figure5.2 Classes of transmission media

3. Topics discussed in this section:
5-1 GUIDED MEDIA
Guided media, which are those that provide a conduit from one device to another, include twisted-pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable.
Topics discussed in this section:
Twisted-Pair Cable Coaxial Cable Fiber-Optic Cable

4. Figure 5.1 Fiber optics: Bending of light ray

5. Figure5 Optical fiber

6. Figure 5.1 Propagation modes

7. Figure 5.2 Modes

8. Table5.3 Fiber types

9. Figure 5.4 Fiber construction

10. Figure 5.5 Fiber-optic cable connectors

11. Figure 5.6 Optical fiber performance

12. Topics discussed in this section:
5-2 UNGUIDED MEDIA: WIRELESS
Unguided media transport electromagnetic waves without using a physical conductor. This type of communication is often referred to as wireless communication.
Topics discussed in this section:
Radio Waves
Microwaves
Infrared

13. Figure 5.2 Electromagnetic spectrum for wireless communication

14. Table Bands

15. Figure 5.24 Wireless transmission waves

16. Highly regulated. Use omni directional antennas
Note
Radio waves are used for multicast communications, such as radio and television, and paging systems. They can penetrate through walls.
Highly regulated. Use omni directional antennas

17. Figure 7.20 Omnidirectional antenna

18. Higher frequency ranges cannot penetrate walls.
Note
Microwaves are used for unicast communication such as cellular telephones, satellite networks, and wireless LANs.
Higher frequency ranges cannot penetrate walls.
Use directional antennas - point to point line of sight communications.
For more detail contact us