CLIMATE CHANGE

The True Vector of Yellow Fever Aedes africanus & others (sylvatic cycle) Aedes aegypti (urban cycle)

Distribution of aedes aegypti in the Americas at the end of the eradication program in 1970, and in 1997

Laboratory confirmed Dengue hemorrhagic fever reporting in the Americas

At risk Reported outbreak Countries at Risk for Yellow Fever and Having Reported at Least One Outbreak,

Laredo, Texas

1999 on: the inexorable march of West Nile Virus Appropriate vectors are abundant throughout the continent

Perhaps the most important emerging disease of the early 21 st century Obesity “Obesity is not a simple condition of eating too much. It is now recognized that obesity is a serious, chronic disease. No human condition—not race, religion, gender, ethnicity or disease states—compares to obesity in prevalence and prejudice, mortality and morbidity, sickness and stigma.” American Obesity Association, 2002

Obesity* Trends Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1985 (*BMI  30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” person) No Data <10% 10%-14% 15-19%  20% Source: BRFSS, CDC.

Obesity* Trends Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1991 (*BMI  30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” person)

Obesity* Trends Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1995 (*BMI  30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” person)

Obesity* Trends Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1999 (*BMI  30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” person) No Data <10% 10%-14% 15-19%  20% Source: BRFSS, CDC.

Obesity* Trends Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2000 (*BMI  30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” person) Source: Mokdad A H, et al. JAMA 2001;286:10 No Data <10% 10%-14% 15-19%  20%

Source TDH

Age-Standardized Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes per 100 Adult Population by State, United States, 1994

Age-Standardized Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes per 100 Adult Population by State, United States, 1998

Age-Standardized Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes per 100 Adult Population by State, United States, 2000

Number (million) of Persons with Diagnosed Diabetes, United States,

Age-Specific Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes, by Race/Ethnicity and Sex, United States, 1999

Texas deaths: diabetes Rates per 100, LRGV

Figure 1: Liver cancer in white males (includes Hispanics) (age adjusted), all ages. DEATHS FROM LIVER CANCER BY STATE Data are from the National Cancer Institute Texas Hispanics 13.5/100,000 Texas, all whites

Data:TDH

LRGV

Data sources: NIH, CDC, ADA, TDH

Brownsville Laredo McAllen San Angela Victoria Lubbock Abilene Texarkana El Paso Killeen Wichita Falls Waco Bryan-College Station Amarillo Sherman Corpus Christi Longview San Antonio Galveston Tyler Midland-Odessa Beaumont Fort Worth Brazoria Austin Houston Dallas Adjusted for Occupational rateUnadjusted Occupational Wage Index for Texas Cities Sources : Occupational Employment Statistics Survey, Bureau of Labor Statistics; author’s calculation {From Dallas Federal Reserve Report On the Border Economy, June 2001 (

Border Region Surpasses Texas and U.S. in Population Growth in Past Decade (Percent change, 1990 to 2000) Percent SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau and Dallas Federal Reserve Report On the Border Economy, June 2001 ( McAllenLaredoBrownsvilleTexasEl PasoUnited States