Objective: To explain the movement of the Moon Due: 1) Cartoon of the Phases of the Moon Reminder: turn in Phases of the Moon Q’s and Diagram if not already turned in Homework: 1) Extra Credit current event about Mars 2) Lunar observations – at least four! 3) Extra Credit word puzzle

Sunrise and Sunset

Elliptical revolutions

The Earth’s Interior Rigid Mantle: Solid Rock Outer Core: Semi Solid Crust Non Rigid: Mantle Semi Solid

The Moon’s Interior Rigid Mantle: Solid Rock Non Rigid: Mantle Semi Solid Core: Possible Iron Crust: Made of rock, dust, and feldspar.

Collision Theory A Mars sized body smashes into the earth, breaking off a part of the earth that forms the moon. The ejected material would have settle near an ecliptic plane, putting the Moon into an orbit much like the one it has. The Moon, which is believed to have a small iron core, could have retained this core through the collision. Volatile elements would have been vaporized during the impact such as oxygen and water. Also, this collision could have tipped the Earth's axis, causing the seasons we now know.

Co-Formation Theory An object which formed out of the nebula at the same time and roughly the same place as the Earth. This drew material to themselves from the cloud of gas and dust around them. The co-formation theory explains why the moon appears in the location it does but it does not explain why the Earth and Moon do not appear to be made of the exact same material.

Capture Theory This theory states that the Moon was formed somewhere else in the solar system, and was later captured by the gravitational field of the Earth. gravitational field The Moon's different chemical composition could be explained if it formed elsewhere in the solar system. Something would have to slow it down by just the right amount at just the right time so it was captured by the Earth’s gravitational field.

Fission Theory This theory proposes that the Moon flew off a rapidly spinning earth. However, the present-day Earth-Moon system should contain "fossil evidence" of this rapid spin and it does not. Also, this hypothesis does not have a natural explanation for the extra baking the lunar material has received.

Describing Our Moon

The Moon’s Surface & Interior Dark colors on the moon are called MARIA ( Latin for seas) The light colors are called HIGHLAND ( They are like mountains) They were named by GALILEO Rocks on the moon were formed about 3 to 4 billion years ago

Craters Craters are formed by large meteorites. Meteorites are space objects that strike the surface. The meteorite cracks the moons surface causing lava flows to fill the depression. What do the craters tell you about meteorites?

What is Moon Light? Sunlight reflecting off of the Moon – the Moon does not make its own light!

Waxing Crescent 1 st Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Moon Waning Gibbous 3 rd quarter Waning Crescent New Moon Draw in your NOTES!!!!

Phases of the Moon

Animated phases of the Moon rd/JAVA/moonphase.html

Moon in perigee and apogee The moon actually appears slightly larger at perigee(nearest) than at apogee (farthest)

Moon Mythology In ancient China, people believed that eclipses occurred when a dragon swallowed the Moon. They beat on mirrors to make the dragon release the Moon and return it to the sky.

What causes a Lunar Eclipse? The moon completes a revolution around the Earth every 27 ¼ days. So why don’t we have an eclipse every month? The moon’s orbit around the Earth is tipped by 5 degrees, which means that the Moon spends most of its time either above or below the Earth’s plane with the sun. It only crosses that plane two to four times a year – usually in March and August – and those are the months in which we have lunar eclipses!

An eclipse of the Moon (or lunar eclipse) can only occur at Full Moon, and only if the Moon passes through some portion of the Earth's shadow.

Watching Lunar Eclipses Unlike solar eclipses, lunar eclipses are completely safe to watch. You can even use binoculars or a telescope to see the details on the Moon during the eclipse.

Solar Eclipses These happen when the Moon blocks light from the Sun. Since the Moon is so much smaller than the Earth, the eclipse is seen only on a part of the world.

Tides What causes the tides on Earth? Answer: the gravitational pull of the Earth for the Moon keeps the Moon in orbit around the Earth. But the Moon’s own gravitational pull on the Earth pulls the flexible water on Earth’s surface toward it – causing the water to bulge outwards both towards and away from the Moon. As the Moon revolves around the Earth, this shifts, causing the changing tides. The Moon And Tides

Tides Why are there two high tides on the Earth at the same time? Answer: The water on the side of the Earth closest to the Moon bulges outward toward the moon, making one high tide. On the other side of the Earth the lack of pull from the Moon, coupled with the Moon’s gravitation pull on the solid Earth itself, creates another bulge of water away from the Moon. This is the second high tide. On the “sides” of the Earth the water is thinner, creating two low tides.

Tidal animation Bay of Fundy: the largest tides in the world, 16.3 meters (that’s 53.5 feet!!!) Bay of Fundy time lapse with boats Time Lapse

Moon Terms (copy into Vocab) Apogee:the point in the Moon's orbit that is farthest from the Earth Perigee:the point in the Moon’s orbit that is closest to the Earth Umbra: the complete shadow of the Sun’s rays thrown by the Earth Penumbra: the partial shadow of the Sun’s rays thrown by the Earth

Is this possible?