Chapter 10 Blood Ms. Harborth Anatomy and Physiology II

Composition 5-6 Liters Formed Elements Erythrocytes (RBCs) 45% - hematocrit Leukocytes (WBCs)< 1% Platelets < 1% Plasma 55%

Plasma 90% water 10% dissolved substances Plasma proteins Most are made by the liver Albumin Clotting proteins Nutrients, metal ions (salts), O 2, CO 2, hormones, wastes, etc…

Erythrocytes Anucleate Hemoglobin (makes blood red) Lack mitochondria Shaped like doughnuts 5 million cells/ mm 3 of blood

Anemia Decrease in O 2 -carrying ability of blood Could be lower # of RBCs OR abnormal or deficient hemoglobin content IRON Sickle-Cell Anemia RBCs are shaped like a sickle Genetic. Usually found in descendants from Africa Malaria-resistance (heterozygous) Sickle Cell Gene Therapy

Leukocytes White Blood Cells 4-11 thousand/mm 3 of blood (leukocytosis) Diapedesis – WBCs go in and out of blood vessels Granulocytes – granule-containing WBCs Neutrophils – phagocytes acute infection Eosinophils – allergies Basophils – histamine containing. Attract other WBCs Agranulocytes Lymphocytes – in lymphatic tissue. Immune response Monocytes – macrophages

Leukemia Blood marrow cancer WBCs are made rapidly and are immature Body becomes susceptible to infection Leukemia Video CML

Platelets Fragments of megakaryocytes 300,000/mm 3 Blood clotting

Hematopoesis Hemocytoblast RBC formation regulated by erythropoietin CSFs and interleukins regulate WBCs

Hemostasis 1. Platelet plug forms 2. Vascular spasms occur 3. Coagulation events occur (thrombin + fibrinogen = fibrin) Usually takes 3-6 minutes

Fibrin Clots

Bleeding Disorders Thrombus – blood clot Embolus – thrombus that breaks away from wall and travels throughout body Thrombocytopenia Liver function impaired; Vit K Hemophilia Inherited disorders

Blood Groups