The Sustainable Development Goals: why the Nexus approach is vital to the post 2015 Millennium Development Goals Felix Dodds 1

How did we get here Brundtland Commission ( ) EARTH SUMMIT 1992 Agenda 21 – 40 chapters Rio Declaration – 27 principles UN Framework Convention on Climate Change UN Convention on Biological diversity The Forest Principles 2

After 1992 – the party 3

Business as Usual 4

Millennium Declaration

9/11 to Rio+20 6

2008 financial crisis 7

8 Energy and Food

Planetary Boundaries – September

Climate also plays a significant role “Changes in the global water cycle in response to the warming over the 21st century will not be uniform. The contrast in precipitation between wet and dry regions and between wet and dry seasons will increase.” IPCC September

Climate also plays a significant role “Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia.” IPCC (September 2013) 14

Climate also plays a significant role “Each of the last three decades has been successively warmer at the Earth’s surface than any preceding decade since In the Northern Hemisphere, 1983– 2012 was likely the warmest 30-year period of the last 1400 years” IPCC September

World Bank November percent of scientists agree on the reality of climate change. The last 10,000 years temperature has changed by no more than + or – 1 degree C. 16

President Obama – State of the Union “It’s true that no single event makes a trend. But the fact is, the 12 hottest years on record have all come in the last 15. Heat waves, droughts, wildfires, floods, all are now more frequent and more intense. We can choose to believe that Superstorm Sandy, and the most severe drought in decades, and the worst wildfires some states have ever seen were all just a freak coincidence. Or we can choose to believe in the overwhelming judgment of science and act before it’s too late. “ 17

Rio+20 Sustainable Development Goals High Level Political Forum Two processes: – Sustainable Development Goals Open Working Group – Committee on Financing Sustainable Development New Goals should be universal and puts both poverty eradication and sustainable development at the heart of the new goals 18

IPCC Role Out Working Group I: The Science of Climate Change 27 September 2013 Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability 31 March 2014 Working Group III: Mitigation of Climate Change7-11 April

New Goals 20 Food and Nutrition YES Water YES Energy YES Jobs YES Education YES Health YES Employment (YES) Poverty (YES) Gender YES and Governance YES –cross cutting? Oceans, Urban, Forests, Peace and Security, Disaster Relief, Climate, Biodiversity MAYBE

21 TermHow it is Used in this Report GoalExpresses an ambitious, but specific, commitment. Always starts with a verb/action. TargetQuantified sub-components that will contribute in a major way to achievement of goal. Should be an outcome variable. IndicatorPrecise metric from identified databases to assess if target is being met (often multiple indicators are used).

Colombia and the Nexus approach Approach WaterEnergy Food securityClimate

Increase agricultural productivity by x%, with a focus on sustainably increasing smallholder yields and access to irrigation. InterlinkaInterlinkages: climate, water, food security Bring freshwater withdrawals in line with supply and increase water efficiency in agriculture by x%, industry by y% and urban areas by z%. Interlinkages: Water and food security Increase the amount of renewable energy by x% by xxxx Interlinkages: energy and food security

Nexus Conference at UNC Supported by  World Bank  UN DESA  UNDP  IRENA  UN Habitat  UNCCD  Stockholm Environment Institute  Millennium Institute  WWF International  WBCSD Outputs: Nexus Declaration An Academic and Practitioners Network Outcome A community of practice for the Nexus 26

NEXUS CONFERNCE AT UNC 1.Urban Challenges of the Nexus: Local and Global perspectives 2.Nexus perspectives: Water, Energy and Climate 3.Nexus perspectives: Water, Food and Climate 4.Natural Resource Security for People: Water, Food and Energy 1.Entrepreneurial Environmentalism and Development 2.Nexus Corporate Stewardship: How business is improving resource use 3.Financing the Nexus: policy and practice 4.Learning from the past, building a new future: Nexus Scientific Research 27

And…… Nexus Bingo Nexus Dating Side Events Workshops for abstracts We expect to have: WBCSD launching a major report on the Food and Water Nexus UN Water Report pre- launch Future Earth – first outing 28

Einstein "We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them.” …….. "Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the universe." 29

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