1. Energy performance and Carbon emissions Assessment and Monitoring tool
Module 2: Setting the Scene
TRAINING WORKSHOP
ECAM Tool:
Energy performance and Carbon emissions Assessment and Monitoring tool

2. Overall WaCCliM objectives:
RECALL
What are the WaCCliM objectives?
Overall WaCCliM objectives:
Improving the carbon balance of water and wastewater utilities through the introduction of economically viable measures that reduce greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining or improving their services.
Module 2: Setting the Scene

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Overall learning objectives of training:
Interpret impacts of global warming
Interrelate effects of climate change and performance of utilities 
Recognize GHG emission sources within the urban water cycle
Distinguish GHG adaptation and mitigation
Explain why reducing GHG is beneficial for utilities locally and the water sector globally
Module 2: Setting the Scene

4. CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change, also called global warming, refers to the rise in average surface temperatures on Earth. An overwhelming scientific consensus maintains that climate change is due primarily to the human activity.
© ESA/NASA
Module 2: Setting the Scene

5. 2.3 CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change, also called global warming, refers to the rise in average surface temperatures on Earth. An overwhelming scientific consensus maintains that climate change is due primarily to the human activity.
- Real severe impacts of CC haven’t started.
- Risks rise from moderate to high between 1 and 1.6 degree
With current policies global mean surface temperature is projected to increase by 3.6 to 4.9°C over the 21st century. (source climate action tracker 2017)
- With todays commitments we are not projected to reach the 1.5 degree or not even the 2 degree target
What are some of the impacts of climate change? Can any specific impacts be noticed in your country? 
Without mitigation ACTIONS, global mean surface temperature is projected to increase by 3.7 to 4.8°C over the 21st century.
Module 2: Setting the Scene

6. Water and CLIMATE, WHAT IS THE CONNECTION?
 80% of climate change impacts are channeled through water
Water is at the heart of climate change. Water is the primary medium through which the impacts of climate change will be felt.
Relevant for utilites: it changes water quantitity and quality on the supply side but it will also alters the demand side - > the service provided.
Module 2: Setting the Scene

7. 2.3 Water and its Availability and Quality
will be the Main Pressures on Societies
Changing weather patterns
Water quality
Water quantity
Ground- and surface water contamination, eutrophication, sedimentation
Runoff, discharge, glacier melting, Increased risk of flooding and drought
Module 2: Setting the Scene

8. TRENDS IN WATER
According to the World Economic Forum, water crises are ranked as the top global risk.
About one third of the world’s population lives in water stressed areas.
In 2030 half of the world’s population will live in water stressed regions
Climate change poses an additional threat to water security
Water demand is increasing
Water runoff
WEC: risk water crisis classified with high likelyhood and impact
Module 2: Setting the Scene

9. 2.3 THE IMPACT ON SOCIETIES
CO2
Climate
Change
Economy
Poverty
Ecosystems
Environmental health
Livelihood
Displacement
Energy security
Module 2: Setting the Scene

10. ADAPTATION AND MITIGATON
2.3 CLIMATE CHANGE-
ADAPTATION AND MITIGATON
Resilience
Mitigation
Adaptation
Mitigation in water sector is also adaptation, plus other co-benefits.
Climate Financing
Module 2: Setting the Scene

11. 2.3 Climate change negotiations – the Paris Agreement AND National Determined Contributions (NDCs)
Parties to the UNFCCC agree to commit to a temperature rise of 2°C
Developed countries to support developing countries
Jordan NDC - reduce 14% of its GHG emissions until % with support
Jordan Water sector
Improving energy efficiency in water utilities
Developing Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Policy for the Jordanian Water Sector starting with utilization of sludge and other biosolids to generate energy
Introducing renewable energy as a source to supply water systems
This slide presents an example of the targets as set in Jordan. Each country will have different targets.
In general:
The level of details given to Water actions in INDC is very uneven: some countries precisely detail their actions (eg Jordan, Moldova, Bolivia, Bangladesh, Morocco, Ivory Coast or Laos)
whereas about thirty countries announce water as a priority area without mentioning which actions they seek to implement
- No nation has reached the full implementation of the water sustainability and climate resilient water infrastructure as foreseen by the Agenda 2030
Uneven level details given to Water actions: some countries precisely detail actions, about 30 countries announce water as priority area without mentioning which actions they seek to
implement.
Module 2: Setting the Scene

12. 2.3 WHY WATER UTILITIES? Global LOCAL
The sustainable development goals (SDGs) and the agreement in Paris and Marrakesh, set high level goals to address Global Challenges by 2030.
The water sector contributes to Greenhouse Gas emissions:
Locally up to 10-20% of total emissions come from urban water from Energy, Methane and Nitrous Oxides
National Determined Contributions (NDCs) specifically state water as an area for mitigation actions. A carbon neutral water sector would contribute over 20% of all Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).
The 4 Gigatons CO2e of NDCs is not sufficient to meet the target. All sectors need to do more than what is being committed
Module 2: Setting the Scene

13. URGENCY FOR ACTION
Module 2: Setting the Scene

14. HOW DO UTILITIES BENEFIT?
Reduced operational costs
Less dependency on fluctuations of energy prices
More efficient use of water resources
Improve service levels
Contribution to mitigation goals
Module 2: Setting the Scene

15. CO-BENEFITS Improved energy efficiency and renewable energy
Improved and cost efficient water services
Improved environmental health 13
Effective Management
Achieve climate targets
Module 2: Setting the Scene

16. ...Where can we expect the highest emissions?
1.3 URBAN WATER CYCLE
In the Urban Water Cycle we can identify 2 Systems (drinking water and wastewater) and 6 stages (as indicated).
...Where can we expect the highest emissions?
Module 2: Setting the Scene

17. LEARNING EXERCISE Where and what type of emissions do you expect?
Characteristic for WaCCliM is the holistic approach.
An example of how stages affect each other is .e.g. Leakage. If this is reduced in the distribution stage, less pumping will be needed in the abstraction stage, which consequently requires less electricity hence emissions etc.
Module 2: Setting the Scene

18. RECAP Cause and impacts of climate change
Link between climate change and water
International targets and drivers
Difference adaptation and mitigation
(Co)Benefits for utilities and globally
Module 2: Setting the Scene

19. REFERENCES Holistic Water Cycle indicating source of emissions
Module 2: Setting the Scene