How does a cell survive?

Everything, from the structure covering the cells to the organelles inside them, performs a task that helps to keep the cell alive.

Cell Membrane Holds the cell’s inside organelles together Allows nutrients in and waste products out

Phospholipids Molecules Make up the cell membrane and are made of fatty acids and glycerol & phosphates.

Cell Wall Only in plants and algae Made of cellulose Provides strength/support around the membrane It allows trees, leaves, & plants to stand up.

Nucleus Means “kernel” or “nut” Is covered by a membrane which allows materials to pass. Is the control center of the cell Stores DNA (Which makes protein)

Nucleolus Dark spot inside the nucleus Stores material to make ribosomes. DNA Nucleus Nucleolus

Ribosomes Are proteins (made of amino acids) which are the building blocks of the cell. Small organelles in every cell b/c they need protein. Have no membranes.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Covered with membrane Makes lipids Breaks down drugs/chemicals that might harm the cell Internal delivery system Moves through the tubular connections

Mitochondria The cells “power plant” Food molecules are broken down in the cell to release energy. Then, ATP moves energy to Mitochondria Bean shaped 2 membranes Work only with oxygen Outer and Inner Membranes

Chloroplasts Only in plants and algae Energy-converting from the sun 2 membranes Looks like stacked coins Contain Chlorophyll (green) which traps light and makes it into sugar (photosynthesis)

Chloroplasts & Mitochondria Theory that they evolved from anceient bacteria. Created by cells eating each other. Have the same kind of ribosomes and circular DNA. & = Old Bacteria

The Golgi Bodies From ER it transports modified lipids & proteins in its’ membrane. Named after Camillo Golgi (Italian) Look like ER but are close to cell membrane

Vesicles Membrane covered compartments Formed from ER Golgi Ex. How white blood cells eat other cells. Check out the picture on page 73 in your text book.

Vacuoles Only in plants Membrane covered chamber Full of water Ex. Oranges Ever wonder how to make lettuce crisp or roses red?

Lysosomes Only in animal cells Vesicles with enzymes. Destroy worn-out or damaged cells Get rid of waste Protect the cell. Ex. Caterpillars, tadpole’s tales, aging

Plant Cell

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

So now, create a Venn diagram comparing a plant and animal cell.