1. Parts of a Eukaryotic Cell

2. Cell Theory 1) All living things are made up of cells.
2) Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
3) Cells come from other cells
There are two types of cells:
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

3. Prokaryotic One-celled No nucleus DNA looks like a twisted rubber band
Do NOT have membrane-covered organelles
All have a cell wall outside the cell membrane
Ex: Bacteria

4. Eukaryotic Larger Have a nucleus Do have membrane-covered organelles
Some (plants) have a cell wall
Animal
Plant

5. Two Types of Eukaryotic Cells
Animal cells
Plant cells

6. “Typical” Animal Cell

7. “Typical” Plant Cell

8. Cell Parts
Organelles

9. The Cell . . . The School Think of the cell as a tiny, little school
Just like a school has different things (buildings, people, items) that make it function (work), so does the cell.
In the cell, organelles are the things that make the cell work.

10. Organelles “little organs”
Have specific jobs that help keep the cell alive
Like the organs in your body have specific jobs to help keep you alive

11. Surrounding the Cell

12. ← Cell Wall Stiff outer layer that supports & protects the cell
All plant cells have a cell wall that is made of a sugar called “cellulose”
(All prokaryotic cells, like bacteria, also have cell walls)
Animal cells do not have cell walls
Like a brick wall around a school ←

13. Cell Membrane Every cell has a cell membrane
Like a wire fence around a school
Surrounds & protects the cell
Controls what goes in and out of cell
Allows nutrients and water in
Lets waste go out

14. Inside the Cell

15. Nucleus Only in eukaryotic cells
The “brain” or “control center”; directs all activites
Like the office at a school
Large, dark, sometimes in center
Contains genetic material – DNA (= the principal)
Covered by two membranes which allow materials to go in and out

16. Proteins Not THIS kind of protein!
Control the chemical reactions in the cell
The messages of how to make proteins are given by the DNA (principal)
Like the educated students at a school
Not THIS kind of protein!

17. → Ribosomes Smallest organelles in cell Each cell contains thousands
Like the teachers at a school
Makes protein (= educated students)
Found floating inside cell
Or attached to membranes or organelles
Found in BOTH prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells →

18. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Membranes with many folds
Part of the cell’s transport & delivery system: folds have passageways = move materials around cell
Like the hallways at a school
Two types:
Smooth ER: no ribosomes
Rough ER: ribosomes attached

19. Mitochondria Main power source of the cell
Makes energy by breaking down sugar (food)
Like the cafeteria of a school
Energy is stored in molecule called ATP
Has its own DNA that is different from the cell’s DNA

20. Chloroplasts Usually found in plant and algae cells
Like solar-powered energy generators at a school
Contain green chlorophyll = traps the energy of sunlight
Where photosynthesis takes place (Sun + CO2 + H2O  O2 + sugar)

21. Golgi Complex Packages & delivers materials within and out of the cell
The “Post Office” of the cell
Like the staff room (with teachers’ boxes) at a school

22. Lysosomes Responsible for cleaning cell Like the janitors at a school
Destroy worn-out or damaged organelles
Get rid of wastes
Protect cell from harmful products
Like the janitors at a school
Material is enclosed in a vessicle
Lysosome bumps into vessicle and pours enzymes into it (breaks down what’s inside of it)

23. Vacuoles Storage site for cell
In plants: large vacuole in center of cell store water, which helps plants keep their shape
Plants wilt when vacuoles lose water
Like the underground water tanks at a school