Lab Advisory to assist students with completing labs 2-5. 2 Lab Advisory to assist students with completing labs 2-5. 2. Solubility 3. Acids and bases 4. Chromatography 5. Salt preparatio

Laboratory #2: Solubility O/R/R and A/I 1. Title: Solubility 2. Aim: To determine the solubility of potassium nitrate 3. Apparatus: Bunsen Burner, Potassium Nitrate Ceramic bowl, Water ,Retort stand, Retort clamp, Test tube holder, Water bath ,Boiling tube ,Burette Test tubes, Thermometer, Beam balance, Funnel ,Spatula 5. procedure: correct steps, with no spelling or grammatical errors. 6. Table of results: title describing what the table shows, written above the table, quantities and units written correctly, no errors. 7. Observations: state what happens to the crystals, any temperature changes of the solution all on it's own (without heating) any other changes. 8. Graph: Correctly written axes, title, suitable units and scale, correctly plotted points, neat best fit curve. 9. Analysis and interpretation: answers to questions 1-10, very brief analysis of what happens during the experiment, and very brief statement of the trends of temperature, volume and solubility. 10. sources of error: 2 sources of error. 11. Conclusion: relate the conclusion to the experiment.

Lab #3: Acids and Bases 1.Title: Acids and bases 2.Aim: to determin the chemical nature of some household chemicals 3.Apparatus and Materials: Petri dishes, Beaker, Dropper bottles, Measuring cylinder, Soap powder, Vinegar, Orange juice, Methyl orange, Full range indicator, Red litmus paper, Blue litmus paper, Hydrochloric acid Bleach, Nitric acid , Sulphuric acid magnesium Hydroxide, Sodium hydroxide ,toothpaste 4.Procedure: 1. Measure approximately 5cm of vinegar using a measuring cylinder and place it in a clean Petri dish. 2. Drop 3-5 drops of methyl orange on the vinegar and observe and note any colour changes. 3. Steps 1 and 2 were repeated using full range indicator. 4. repeat step 1 first using red litmus, then blue litmus paper dipping the strips into the vinegar. 5. repeat steps 1-4 using orange juice, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, sodium hydroxide and toothpaste. 6. Record all observations.

5. Observations: Title written above the table Lab #3: Acids and Bases 5. Observations: Title written above the table Chemical Methyl orange Universal indicator Red litmus Blue litmus Vinegar Purple Red No change Milk of Magnesia Yellow Blue green blue No Change Toothpaste Blue Bleach Clear White(colourless) Orange juice Dark green or no change Red orange Soap powder Blue black Sodium hydroxide Black Nitric acid Light red pink Sulphuric acid

Lab #3: Acids and Bases 6.Analysis and interpretation: Talk about the nature of cleaning products generally whether they are all neutral or tend to have some acidic or basic qualities. List the nature of each chemical as either acidic basic or neutral using 1 line statements. 7. Sources of error: Give one source of error. 8. Conclusion: relate the conclusion to the aim of the experiment

Lab #4: Chromatography 1.Title: Paper Chromatography OR Separation techniques 2.Aim: To separate the components of an ink sample E 3.Apparatus: beaker, water, filter paper, ruler, scissors, tape, pencil, sample E 4. Procedure: correct steps, no grammatical or spelling errors, correct tense. 1) strip of 2 cm x 10 cm filter paper was cut. 2) line was drawn across the width, 1 cm from one end. 3) One drop of sample E was placed at the centre of the line drawn and ink was allowed to dry. 4) Strip was placed int solvent carefully and observed 5. Diagram: Actual chromatogram, with label above " chromatogram", proper labelling of components, origin and solvent front, neat placement and orientation of chromatogram, graduated lines to show points from which measurements of the distance travelled by the component were taken. 6. table of results: proper construction, title written above, correct headings and readings. 7. Analysis: definition of chromatography, brief explanation of how it works, and the driving force which propels the sample up the strip (if it moved up). 8. Limitations: these are factors which are not able to be contro 9. Conclusion: related to aim and experiment

Lab 5#: Salt preparatio 1.Title: Salts Preparatio 2.Aim: To prepare pure samples of Zinc chloride and Copper Chloride. 3.Apparatus: 4. Diagram(optional): showing apparatus used to purify the crystals( Bunsen burner, tripod, evaporating dish, salts), normal diagram formatting applies: Diagram should be Bordered, clear single lines, labels either side of the apparatus. title of diagram below 5.Procedure: Correct tense, no errors of spelling and grammar. logical process to produce the salts. 5. Observations: state all colour changes, state the colour of all solutions, gases or vapours produced and the original colours of all reactants, any actions and events you noted during the laboratory. 6.analysis: state the method of salt preparation used, what property of the salt directed you to use this method, why gases or vapours produced were produced, deduce the substances which were produced. 7.Conclusion: relate this to the aim and the experiment generally.