1. Acids and Alkalis

2. An acid is a substance that _____ in water to form _____ ions
An acid is a substance that _____ in water to form _____ ions. Acids react with metals to form a metal _____ and hydrogen. When acids react with metal _____ or _____ a salt and _____ are formed.

3. Alkalis are _____ bases. Examples of alkalis are _____ and sodium _____. Alkalis react with _____ to form a _____ and water.

4. Match the reactants on the left with the products on the right Acid + carbonate salt + water Acid + hydroxide salt + hydrogen Acid + metal salt + water Acid + oxide salt + carbon dioxide + water

5. Name the salts formed when:
Sulphuric acid reacts with zinc
Calcium oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid
Magnesium carbonate reacts with nitric acid

6. Citric acid is a weak acid. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid
Citric acid is a weak acid. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid. What do you understand by the terms strong and weak acid?

7. You can make a metal salt by reaction of a _____ metal oxide with an acid. During the reaction the acid is _____ by the metal _____. The acid is the _____ reactant. You _____ off the excess metal oxide. The _____ is a solution of the metal salt.

8. Write instructions for making the salt calcium chloride from calcium oxide

9. A titration method is used to make a _____ salt from an acid and an _____. The acid is added to the alkali using a _____ until the _____ in the flask changes colour. The process is then _____ without using the indicator.

10. Write an acid and alkali you can use to make these salts:
Sodium chloride
Ammonium chloride
Ammonium nitrate

11. We can make an _____ salt by making two solutions of soluble salts
We can make an _____ salt by making two solutions of soluble salts. This type of reaction is called _____. When the solutions react the two types of _____ that form the precipitate are _____ to each other and form a giant _____. The ions that do not take part in the reaction are called _____ ions.

12. Which of these compounds are insoluble and soluble in water
Which of these compounds are insoluble and soluble in water? Potassium bromide Silver bromide Sodium hydroxide Calcium sulfate Lead (II) iodide Sodium chloride Calcium carbonate Lead (II) sulfate Lead (II) nitrate Sodium bromide Sodium carbonate Magnesium chloride Iron (II) hydroxide

13. Write symbol equations for these reactions. Include state symbols
Write symbol equations for these reactions. Include state symbols. Lead nitrate reacting with potassium iodide Iron (II) chloride reacting with sodium hydroxide

14. Zinc sulfate is a _____ that can be made by reacting _____ zinc with _____ acid. The excess zinc is _____ off. The _____ of zinc sulfate solution is then put into an _____ basin. Some of the _____ is boiled off and the solution is left to _____.

15. Draw a flow chart to show how to make crystals of sodium chloride from aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide

16. Describe three different methods of making soluble salt calcium chloride. For each method describe:
Suitable reagents that can be used
Which reagent, if any, is in excess

17. Suggest the best method for making each of the following salts
Suggest the best method for making each of the following salts. Choose from:
Titration
Precipitation
Adding an insoluble metal or metal compound to an acid
Lead bromide from lead nitrate and potassium bromide
Potassium nitrate from nitric acid and potassium hydroxide
Iron (II) hydroxide from iron (II) chloride and sodium hydroxide
Copper (II) sulfate from copper (II) carbonate and sulfuric acid

18. Exam-style Questions
Which one of these methods is used to prepare the salt ammonium chloride from aqueous ammonia?
Precipitation
Adding ammonia to an insoluble oxide
Adding aqueous ammonia to a metal
Titration

19. Some of the instructions for making crystals of magnesium sulfate are given below.
Heat excess magnesium oxide with …
Filter off the excess magnesium oxide
Put the filtrate into an evaporating basin
Complete the instructions to produce pure dry crystals of magnesium sulfate (3)
Why was excess magnesium oxide used? (1)

20. A student wants to make the soluble salt potassium chloride from potassium hydroxide using a titration method.
Suggest a suitable compound that the student could add to potassium hydroxide to make potassium chloride by this method (1)
Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus required to carry out a titration (3)
Describe how to carry out a titration (3)
Describe how to make colourless crystals of potassium chloride using this method (4)

21. Lead iodide, PbI, and barium sulfate, BaSO4 are insoluble salts.
Suggest two compounds that you can use to make lead iodide
Describe the method used to make dry lead iodide crystals

22. Read the following description of a method for making sodium sulfate crystals, and then explain the reasons for each of the underlined phrases or sentences. 25cm3 of sodium carbonate solution was transferred to a conical flask using a pipette, and a few drops of methyl orange were added. Dilute sulfuric acid was run in from a burette until the solution became orange. The volume of acid added was noted. That same volume of dilute sulfuric acid was added to a fresh 25cm3 sample of sodium carbonate in a clean flask, but without the methyl orange. The mixture was evaporated until a sample taken on the end of a glass rod crystallised on cooling in the air. The solution was left to cool. The crystals formed were separated from the remaining solution and dried. Write the equation for the reaction producing sodium sulfate solution