Introduction Lsn 1

HIS 360: Modern Military History Kevin Dougherty – –Room 449 –

HIS 360: Modern Military History Focuses on the global military experience from the Seven Years’ War to the current operational environment Approaches war from the viewpoints of military theory and strategy, diplomatic and political objectives, technology, tactics, and social impact Uses professionally accepted analytical tools to understand the wars, campaigns, and battles

Jomini’s Three Kinds of Military History The Pure Version –The recounting in minute and pedantic terms all aspects of a given battle –Done in an antiquarian way without much concern for useful analysis The Analytical Version – Used the account of a campaign or battle to examine the principles that apply to the waging of war –Involved analysis of the relationship between events and principles –Studied in the broad context could reveal something of the evolution of the art of war Political Military History –The examination of war in its broadest spectrum through association of the military with the political, social, and economic factors

HIS 360: Modern Military History Text –assigned articles Grading –Exam200 points –Unannounced Quizzes (5 at 10 pts each) 50 points –Student Presentation100 points –Writing Assignment First Para50 points –Writing Assignment300 points –Final Exam300 points

HIS 360: Modern Military History Exams –Short Answer (5 to 10 sentences) and “ID & SIGs” (in 2 to 4 sentences identify and state the significance of a term) Unannounced Quizzes –Fill in the blank using ID & SIGs from that day’s or surrounding lessons Student Presentation –Pick a topic listed under selected lessons and prepare a 7 to 10 minute powerpoint presentation to be given that lesson. Grade based on content and effective communications Final Exam –Comprehensive –ID & SIGs, Short Answer, and Essay

Writing Requirement 1,800 to 2,200 word battle or campaign analysis –You pick the battle or campaign. Can be one we discussed in class or another, but I must approve it. –Use one of the analytical tools we discuss in Block 1 to analyze the battle or campaign On Lsn 7, bring in your introductory paragraph Lsn 12 will be a writing workday (no class) Writing assignments are due Lsn 19

Analytical Writing GRE Analytical Writing Measure assesses the applicant's ability to  articulate complex ideas clearly and effectively  examine claims and accompanying evidence  support ideas with relevant reasons and examples  sustain a well-focused, coherent discussion  control the elements of standard written English

Thesis “a position or proposition that a person... advances and offers to maintain by argument" Webster’s Dictionary

Writing Style Put the thesis and proofs -- the “bottom line” -- in the first paragraph (BLUF = Bottom line up front). Each paragraph addresses one main idea and that idea is clearly stated in the topic sentence. –Write paragraphs that average about 7 sentences in length. Document using APA or MLA. –Use college-level sources. If your main source is wikipedia or some other.org source, you’re probably not using appropriate sources. Do not use contractions.

Writing Style Use quotations for impact (to cite an authority, to get exact wording, or to connect an important person with a particular thought). Put them in context. Do not have a whole sentence be a quotation. Avoid the first person. If you feel compelled to use them at all, use rhetorical questions sparingly. Use the active voice. Write for your audience, but, in general, keep it simple –Use short sentences (an average of 15 or fewer words). –Understand the words you use. Use correct spelling, grammar, and punctuation.

Organization: “M1A1 Paper” Intro… tell them what you’re going to tell them Body… tell them Conclusion… tell them what you told them

Example Introduction –Robert E. Lee defeated George McClellan in the Peninsula Campaign because of the superior Confederate intelligence system. This advantage manifested itself in terms of synthesis, analysis, and collection. In terms of synthesis, Lee was able to assemble John Magruder’s initial panicky reports and develop a reconcentration of forces in response. In terms of analysis, McClellan’s exaggerated estimates of Confederate troop strength led him to be cautious when he should have pressed his advantage. In terms of collection, Jeb Stuart’s cavalry gave Lee had an intelligence gathering asset that McClellan could not match. Lee’s superior intelligence system allowed him to act faster and more accurately than McClellan could and gave Lee a decisive advantage on the Peninsula.

Example Para 2 – Analysis (McClellan’s exaggerations) Para 3 –Synthesis (Magruder’s reports) Para 4 –Collection (Stuart)

Example Conclusion –The key factor in the Confederate victory in the Peninsula Campaign was superior intelligence. McClellan was cautious by nature and his inaccurate magnifications of the Confederate troop strength made him more so. Especially at this point in the war, Confederate cavalry was far superior to its Federal counterpart, and Stuart’s ride around McClellan’s army informed Lee of a vulnerability he could exploit. Finally, Lee had the personal ability to assemble complex and disorganized data into a solution and he used this skill to make sense of Magruder’s initial panicky reports. In all respects, intelligence gave the Confederates an advantage and Lee turned this advantage into victory on the Peninsula.

HIS 360: Modern Military History Five Blocks –Military Theory and Doctrine –Early Modern War –Imperialism, World War I, and World War II –Early Cold War, Korea, and Vietnam –Post-Vietnam to Present

HIS 360: Modern Military History Office Hours Academic Honesty Classroom Conduct Absences ADA

How to Succeed Plan ahead/Prioritize Come to class Do the reading Print out the slides (using “handouts” option; 6 per page) Highlight the ID & SIGs on the slides Take your class notes directly on the slides Use the exam study guides to prepare for exams Use me and the History Writing Lab for help with your papers Use the “backward planning process” to help focus your paper preparation

Backward Planning Process Due Finalize Writing lab draft Works Cited Paras 4 and 5 Paras 2 and 3 Prep Day/Obtain all sources/Make outline Workshop/Finalize introduction Write draft introduction Determine proofs Write thesis Initial research Pick a subject Today

Next Military Theory and Strategy Clausewitz

The Value of Military History Compensate for deficiencies in individual experience Improve professional qualifications Develop useful theories, ideas, and interpretations about the practice of the military profession Serve as a source of inspiration Help a solider define and appreciate the meaning of professionalism Cultivate an ability to reach conclusions by combining recognition of a sense of duty with a scientific commitment to the determination of cause and effect Gain insights into American institutions, society, customs, and general history Learn about leadership Cultivate a perspective for a critical examination of contemporary problems Sharpen judgment by understanding cause and effect Deduce general principles