THE COLD WAR ESCALATES CHAPTER 26, SECTION 2

CIVIL WAR IN CHINA POST WAR SITUATION: POST WAR SITUATION: China Divided between rivals:China Divided between rivals: Communists: Led by Mao Zedong Communists: Led by Mao Zedong Nationalists: Led by Chiang Kai-Shek Nationalists: Led by Chiang Kai-Shek Both had fought Japanese in WW II Both had fought Japanese in WW II Who does the U.S. back?Who does the U.S. back? Nationalists: $3 Billion during WW II Nationalists: $3 Billion during WW II Why? Why? Nationalists are Anti-CommunistNationalists are Anti-Communist Communists are gaining popularityCommunists are gaining popularity But…who supports the Communists?But…who supports the Communists? Civil War: 1945 – 49 Civil War: 1945 – 49 U.S. aids Nationalists: $2 BillionU.S. aids Nationalists: $2 Billion Problem?Problem? Chiang & his leadership = CORRUPT Chiang & his leadership = CORRUPT Nationalists are inefficient fighting force Nationalists are inefficient fighting force Communists are very efficient & organized Communists are very efficient & organized Communists are very popular with Chinese peasants Communists are very popular with Chinese peasants So What? 95% of Chinese population = farmersSo What? 95% of Chinese population = farmers

POST-WAR CHINA LEADERS MAO & STALINMAO & CHIANG MAO & STALINMAO & CHIANG

CHINA TURNS COMMUNIST May, 1949: Communists win Effect? People’s Republic of China founded Mao Zedong is head of country Nationalists leave mainland China Exiled to Taiwan (Formosa) Chiang is President of Nationalist China on Taiwan “TWO CHINAS” now exist CONTAINMENT? WHAT HAPPENED?

KOREAN PROBLEMS ORIGIN: POST WW II ORIGIN: POST WW II Korean Peninsula: Liberated by both U.S.& Soviet UnionKorean Peninsula: Liberated by both U.S.& Soviet Union Northern half: Soviet Zone Northern half: Soviet Zone Southern half: U.S. Zone Southern half: U.S. Zone 38 th Parallel: boundary between two zones38 th Parallel: boundary between two zones Result?Result? 2 new nations created 2 new nations created North Korea (Communist)North Korea (Communist) South Korea: (“Democratic”)South Korea: (“Democratic”) HAVE WE SEEN THIS BEFORE?HAVE WE SEEN THIS BEFORE?

KIM IL SUNG

KIM IL SUNG & KIM JONG IL

THE KOREAN WAR When? When? 1950 – – 53 Where? Where? Korean PeninsulaKorean Peninsula Fought in both countriesFought in both countries Who? Who? North KoreaNorth Korea South KoreaSouth Korea U.S.U.S. Communist China (“Red” China)Communist China (“Red” China) U.N. sides w/South KoreaU.N. sides w/South Korea Soviets back China & North KoreaSoviets back China & North Korea Key Individuals: Key Individuals: U.S.: Gen. Douglas MacArthur, Pres. Harry TrumanU.S.: Gen. Douglas MacArthur, Pres. Harry Truman S. Korea: Pres. Syngman RheeS. Korea: Pres. Syngman Rhee N. Korea: Pres. Kim Il-SungN. Korea: Pres. Kim Il-Sung China: Chairman Mao ZedongChina: Chairman Mao Zedong

KOREA, KOREA, POST - WWII POST - WWII

THE THE KOREAN KOREAN WAR, WAR,

U.S. KOREAN WAR LEADERS MacARTHUR & TRUMAN MacARTHUR & TRUMAN DOUGLAS MacARTHUR DOUGLAS MacARTHUR

THE KOREAN WAR (Cont’d.) Why? Why? June, 1950: N. Korea invades S. KoreaJune, 1950: N. Korea invades S. Korea Stalin & Soviets back N. KoreaStalin & Soviets back N. Korea Reaction? Reaction? Truman orders U.S. military supportTruman orders U.S. military support U.N. Security Council* calls on members to send available support to S. KoreaU.N. Security Council* calls on members to send available support to S. Korea *What is UN Security Council: See p.752*What is UN Security Council: See p.752 WHERE HAVE WE SEEN THIS BEFORE? WHERE HAVE WE SEEN THIS BEFORE? Gen. MacArthur commands UN & US forcesGen. MacArthur commands UN & US forces What happens? What happens? Initial Communist invasion very sucessfulInitial Communist invasion very sucessful UN forces pushed back to S.E. corner of S. KoreaUN forces pushed back to S.E. corner of S. Korea MacArthur launches Inchon landingsMacArthur launches Inchon landings UN forces push Communists back to Chinese borderUN forces push Communists back to Chinese border Nov., 1950: Communist China invadesNov., 1950: Communist China invades UN forces pushed back to 38 th parallelUN forces pushed back to 38 th parallel Fighting is brutalFighting is brutal

MacArthur & Truman Relationship between two: Poor Relationship between two: Poor MacArthur wanted to conduct war w/out any restraints from U.S. Gov’tMacArthur wanted to conduct war w/out any restraints from U.S. Gov’t Examples?:Examples?: Mac wants to bomb supply routes inside China Mac wants to bomb supply routes inside China Mac suggests using A-Bomb on China Mac suggests using A-Bomb on China Mac publicly criticizes Truman’s decisions Mac publicly criticizes Truman’s decisions Truman can’t allow insubordinationTruman can’t allow insubordination Result? Truman fires MacArthur Result? Truman fires MacArthur

END OF THE KOREAN WAR Peace talks: Begin in 1951 Peace talks: Begin in 1951 War has become a stalemate War has become a stalemate July, 1953: July, 1953: Armistice is signedArmistice is signed War endsWar ends Border between 2 nations remains 38 th ParallelBorder between 2 nations remains 38 th Parallel Results?: Results?: Borders are same as before the warBorders are same as before the war Political structure of 2 nations remains the samePolitical structure of 2 nations remains the same US Casualties: 54,000 KIAUS Casualties: 54,000 KIA US Financial Cost: $20 billionUS Financial Cost: $20 billion Effect? Effect? Containment: Successful?Containment: Successful?

COLD WAR ALIGNMENTS, 1950’s

CAPITALISM v. COMMUNISM