Unit 8: Climatic Interactions Part 2

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Construct an Anemometer What is this object? Anemometer, instrument used to measure the wind What purpose of an Anemometer? Measure the wind speed How does it work? Multiply the circumference by the revolutions Today you are going to make one!

Construct an Anemometer Open Calculating Wind Speed You will collect data during class and calculate your wind speed as homework

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Atmospheric Movement and Fronts Lab Open Atmospheric Movement and Fronts Lab

Low Pressure Demo Stay in control!!!!!!!!

Low Pressure Demo Why is burning the paper necessary? The burning paper heats the air and removes the oxygen. The paper will burn until the oxygen is used or the paper in consumed. The air then warms then cools as the fire go out. Because there is less air in the jar now, it exerts less pressure. When the temperature inside and outside of the bottle is the same, the air pressure outside the bottle pushes the balloon inside. How does this demonstration relate to atmospheric patterns and weather? If the temperature of the air changed, the pressure of the sir also changes. Heating a constant volume of air causes the pressure of the air to increase. If the air is cooled, the pressure decreases. This pattern is seen in high and low pressure areas, convection, and air masses.

Atmospheric Movement and Fronts Lab Copy what is in Yellow

Atmospheric Movement and Local Weather

Let’s Review

Air Masses

Air Pressure

MoreDirect Sun Hot 0 o Equator 30 o S 60 o S 90 o S 30 o N 60 o N

Convection Currents

Global Convection Cells

Global Wind Patterns

The Coriolis Effect

Jet Stream

Forms high in the upper Troposphere between two air masses of different temperatures Higher temperature difference = faster speed Due to the Coriolis Effect, it flows around air masses. Polar Jet: It dips southward when frigid polar air masses move south. It tends to stay north in the summer months Jet Stream

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/vanished/jetstr_five.html Jet Stream Animation

Abnormally high surface ocean temperatures off the coast of South America Causes unusual weather patterns across the globe El Nino

Gulf Stream A strong surface current Begins at the tip of Florida Flows up the eastern coastline of the U.S. Crosses the Atlantic Ocean Causes warmer climate in NW Europe Gulf Stream

Variables Affecting Local Weather

When convection and winds cause air masses to move, they bump into one another. The area where two air masses meet is called a front. Most severe weather occurs near frontal boundaries. Fronts

Cold Front - Cold air meets warm air - Fast moving and stormy, severe weather is likely

Draw this Cold Front Symbol

Warm Front - Warm air meets cold air - Slow moving with less severe weather

Draw this Warm Front Symbol

Stationary Front: Warm and cool air masses that are not strong enough to move one another Sits still for a long period of time Stationary Front

Stationary Front Symbol Draw This Stationary Front Symbol

Friction

Frontal Boundary Simulations http://www.phschool.com/atschool/phsciexp/active_art/weather_fronts/ Frontal Boundary Simulations

High and Low Pressure Circulation

Air pressure is measured with a barometer in millibars. Millibars are represented by connected lines of equal pressure. This is a lot like the topographic map lines. The closer together the lines are, the faster the wind speed. The farther apart the lines are, the slower the wind speed. Air Pressure and Wind

The Earth’s Insulator The Sun heats the water and land every day. Land heats up rapidly, but cools off rapidly. Desert Water heats up slowly, but cools off slowly. Swimming at night The heat retained by the oceans is what keeps our planet insulated. The Earth’s Insulator

The heating and cooling of water and land produces land breezes and sea breezes. High pressure moves toward low pressure, pushing the warm air upward. As warm air rises, cooler air moves in and replaces it. Land and Sea Breezes

Land Breeze

Sea Breeze

Sea Breeze and Land Breeze Simulation http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1903/es1903page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization Sea Breeze and Land Breeze Simulation

Atmospheric Movement and Fronts Using the notes we just took answer theses questions in one complete sentence, at the bottom of your page Why does the Earth have wind and ocean currents? How do global patterns of atmospheric movement affect local weather?

Investigating Fronts Lab Follow Directions Complete Handout and Turn In

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Weather Symbol Card Sort With your shoulder partner, sort the cards into 6 groups of 3

Open Weather Maps

Weather maps are used to show current weather conditions in an effort to predict future weather conditions. You need to know what each symbol means and how to interpret them to forecast the weather. Weather Maps

Cold Front Symbol

Moves in the Direction of the Triangles Cold, dense air is moving toward warm, less dense air. The warm air is pushed up to cool and form clouds as the cooler air replaces it. The air on the front side of the boundary line is warmer than the air on the back side of the boundary line. Cold Fronts are usually fast moving and bring stormy weather and heavy precipitation followed by clearing skies and higher pressure. Moves in the Direction of the Triangles

Warm Front Symbol

Moves in the Direction of the Semi-Circles Warm air is moving toward cold air. The warm, less dense air slides over the cold, more dense air. The air on the front side of the boundary line is cooler than the air on the back side of the boundary line. Warm Fronts usually move slowly and bring steady rain or snow over many days. Moves in the Direction of the Semi-Circles

Stationary Front Symbol

These fronts occur when neither the cool or warm air masses are strong enough to replace each other. Stationary Front tend to stay in an area for a long period of time, often bringing precipitation and clouds. Stay in One Area

High Pressure

Moves toward Low Pressure Cooler, dense air close to the surface of the Earth. Surrounded by winds flowing in a clockwise direction. High pressure Usually brings dry conditions and fair skies. Moves toward Low Pressure

High Pressure Simulation Let’s practice. Remove the lid from the bottle. Now, replace the lid. What direction did you turn the lid to tighten it? Did the lid move up or down? This is a way to remember high pressure. High Pressure Simulation

Low Pressure

High pressure will move toward low pressure. Warmer, less dense air above the Earth’s surface Surrounded by winds moving in a counterclockwise direction. Low pressure Associated with the formation of storms. High pressure will move toward low pressure.

Low Pressure Simulation Let’s practice. Remove the lid from the bottle. What direction did you turn the lid to loosen it? Did the lid move up or down? This is a way to remember low pressure. Low Pressure Simulation

High and Low Pressure Circulation

Pressure Force

Weather Maps With your shoulder partner complete the handout using the laminated maps Switch

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Weather Maps Project Follow the directions Work with your group Due at the end of class Group Jobs Researcher Tracer Key Person Director

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Warm Up Study your spiral Write “Test” on your warm up log After the Test STAY QUEIT You may read, work on homework, or get on the computer If we have time I will check your grades after the test