1. Atmosphere & Weather All About Winds

2. Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere Earth’s energy is provided by the SUN. Energy is important to us because it… 1.Drives winds and ocean currents. 2.Allows plants to grow to produce food. 3.Provides nutrition for many animals.

3. When Earth receives energy from the Sun… What three things happen to that energy??? 1. Reflected back into space. 2. Absorbed by the atmosphere. 3. Absorbed by the land and water.

4. Does land or water absorb the Sun’s energy faster? Why?

5. Three ways heat is transferred through space. 1. Radiation- energy that is transferred in the form of rays or waves. 2. Conduction- the heat transfer of energy when molecules bump into one another. 3. Convection- the transfer of heat by the movement of fluids or gases.

6. Convection currents circulate heat throughout the atmosphere by… As air temperature increases, the air molecules move apart, and become less dense. Air Molecules Air pressure decreases in warmer temperatures, because fewer molecules are in the same space. Cooler, more dense air sinks while warmer, less dense air rises, forming a convection current!

7. Why can life exist here on Earth, and not on other planets???

8. Do different areas of Earth receive different amounts of radiation from the Sun? How? Where? When? Explain!

9. Air Movement

10. Forming Wind …The uneven heating of the Earth’s surface by the Sun causes some areas to be warmer than others… …Remember that warmer air expands, becoming less dense than cold air… causing air pressure to be lowered where the air is heated & warm air rises. So… what is wind???

11. Wind is… …the movement of air from an area of _higher_ pressure to an area of __lower___ pressure due to the uneven heating of Earth’s surface.

12. Which portion of the Earth receives the most radiation from the Sun? Answer: The Equator receives more radiation than areas to the North and South. The heated air at the equator is less dense, so it is displaced by denser, colder air sinking, which creates convection currents.

13. The cold, more dense air coming from the poles, receives less radiation from the Sun, making the air at the poles much cooler. This results in the dense, high-pressure air sinking and moving along Earth’s surface. Note: Dense air sinking as less-dense air rises does not explain everything about wind… it is only one factor in forming wind!

14. From what we have just discussed…. Can you describe to me what happens to the air pressure and weather near the equator???

15. Global Winds The wind patterns that help ships to navigate the oceans.

16. Global wind systems determine the major weather patterns for the entire planet. Smaller wind systems affect local weather.

17. Surface Winds What are the names of the three different surface winds that descend onto the Earth’s surface? 1. Trade Winds 2.Prevailing Westerlies 3.Polar Easterlies

18. Trade Winds:  Also called Tropical Winds  Used by sailors to establish early trade routes Prevailing Westerlies:  Blow in opposite direction from the trade winds  Responsible for much of the movement of weather across North America Polar Easterlies:  Found near the poles

19. Winds in the Upper Troposphere Narrow belts of strong winds, called Jet Streams, blow near the top of the troposphere. Polar jet streams form at the boundary of cold, dry polar air to the north and warmer, more moist tropical air to the south.

20. The Jet Stream … 1.Moves faster in the winter because the difference between the cold air and warm air is greater! 2.Moves storms across the U.S. 3.Pilots flying west  east save time & fuel.

21. Local Wind Systems

22. Local Wind: Sea Breeze  The movement of air toward the land from the water (sea).  Created during the day because solar radiation warms the land more than the water.  Air over the land is heated by conduction.  This heated air is less dense and has lower pressure.  Cooler, denser air over the water has higher pressure and flows toward the warmer, less dense air.  Resulting in a convection current that blows wind from the sea toward land.

23. Local Wind: Land Breeze  The movement of air toward the water from the land.  Created at night because the land cools much more rapidly than the ocean water.  Cooler, denser air above the land moves over the water, as the warm air over the water rises.  Resulting in a convection current that blows wind from the sea toward land.

24. Does land or water absorb the Sun’s energy faster??? Land…. Why? Because it takes more energy to warm up a body of water than it does to warm up an equal area of land.