Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact 500-1500 Chapter 11 Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact 500-1500

Section 1 – The Byzantine Empire

The New Rome Empire was divided in 395 In 527, Justinian took over the East Sought to make the West great again Took Rome back from the Germanic tribes (changed hands 6 times in 16 years) Even though they took back Italy, the East had become the “New Rome”

Justinian Code One of Justinian’s first acts will be to update the laws of the Byzantine Empire Used a panel of experts to compile the 4 parts Final product had 4 parts Code – 5000 Roman laws that were carried over Digest – Summarized the opinions of top thinkers about laws Institutes – law textbook for how to use the law Novellae – the new laws The new code would provide a model for international law

Empress Theodora Worked her way up from poverty to marry Justinian in 525 Extremely influential Met with foreign leaders Helped write laws that greatly improved the status of women After her death, Justinian never passed another major law

Changing the Capital Justinian sought to rebuild Constantinople Focused on Church building Hagia Sophia was his greatest achievement Most significantly, Byzantine culture preserved Greco-Roman culture because of their interest in learning/arts

Byzantine Culture The Byzantine Empire embraced Greco-Roman culture They will preserve traditions, language, religion, and literature The art from the Byzantine Empire will focus on religion As a result, the East will keep Christianity alive when the West couldn’t

The East Falls Justinian’s death triggered the slow collapse of the Empire Bubonic plague was killing 10,000/day Location put them under constant attacks Used diplomacy to try to keep the empire together After centuries of struggling to stay alive, Constantinople fell in 1453

Division of the Church The cultural differences between East/West also affected religion Arguments over things like whether icons could be used led to the East/West religious leaders excommunicating each other in 1054 Orthodox in the Byzantine Empire (the East)– led by emperor Catholic in the Roman Empire (West) – led by the pope

And Now… Chapter 11 Crossword Midterm Study Guide Midterm Review Games Byzantine Timeline Worksheet Midterm Study Guide Midterm Review Games

Warm-up #7.1 (11.1) Justinian’s Code Byzantine Theodora Excommunicated; icons Theodora ______ ____, created by the Byzantine Empire, became a model for international law. Christianity survived when the Roman Empire collapsed because of what new empire? In 1054, the Roman pope and Byzantine patriarch __________ each other over the issue of _______. Empress ________ will be extremely influential during Justinian’s rule for her contribution to female equality.

Section 2 – The Russian Empire

Russia’s Birth Because of the crossroads of trade networks, the Slavs in Northern Europe embraced Greek Byzantine culture This will affect their religion, language, and architecture Originally went from the Urals to the Baltic and south to the Black Sea Originally inhabited by tribes who spoke the same language but were not united

Growth Originally the Slavs were controlled by the Vikings Eventually, Kiev became the capital because it offered quick access to trade routes Trade linked northern Europe with the Byzantine Empire Vladimir will be responsible for converting Russia to Christianity (Eastern Orthodox)

Kiev’s Power Kiev will be the center of growth for Russia Vladimir initially expands to Poland 1019 – Yaroslav the Wise takes Kiev to greater heights diplomacy and marriages to achieve peace and power Legal Code to make trading more secure (like Justinian)

Fall of Kiev Started with the death of Yaroslav in 1054 Crucial error Divided the realm among his sons Sons go to war with each other In addition, the Crusades disrupted trade Just when things couldn’t get worse…

Mongol Invasions 1200s, Mongols, led by Genghis Khan, left Asia for Europe Savage brutality At their peak, they controlled China, Mongolia, and Russia all the way to the Baltic Sea 1240, Genghis’ grandson demolished Kiev “No eye remained to weep”

Mongol Rule over Russia 200 years of Mongol control over Russia became known as the “Khanate of the Golden Horde” Left Russian customs (religion) alone as long as: Absolute obedience Pay tribute Result of Mongol control: isolation from the West

Russian Revolution The Russian princes gathered respect and power from the Mongol controllers slowly but steadily Ivan I moved the capital to Moscow where they slowly grew in wealth and power

An Empire Begins Ivan III will introduce the Russian Empire Took power and immediately challenged Mongol control Named himself Czar (Russian Caesar) Refused to pay tribute Raised an army to fight Mongols Both armies will square off but refuse to fight and return home Russia counts this as their moment of liberation

And now… Review Vocabulary Terms (Chapter 11) Take Chapter 11 Vocabulary Quiz Finish Chapter 11 Worksheet You will need the book to get some of the details (starts on page 307)