Flashcards for Unit 1

Anything that has mass & occupies space. Matter

How many fundamental units in the SI system? 7

Physical quantity that must be measured. It cannot be calculated. Fundamental or Base Unit

A unit defined as a combination of fundamental units. Derived Unit

Unit of Mass Unit of Time Unit of Length Unit of Temperature Unit of Amount of Substance Unit of Capacity (Space or Volume) Kilogram Second Meter Kelvin Mole Liter, milliliter, cubic centimeter

Liter Metric Unit of Volume: 10 cm X 10 cm 10 cm Derived Unit

? cm 3 = 1 Liter 1000 cm 3 = 1 Liter Derived Unit

? milliliter = 1 Liter 1000 mL = 1 Liter Derived Unit

? milliliter = 1 cm 3 1 mL = 1 cm 3 Derived Unit

What is the mass of 1 liter of pure H 2 O? 1 kilogram Mass/Volume relationship

What is the volume of 1 kilogram of pure H 2 O? 1 Liter Mass/Volume relationship

What is the volume of 1 gram of pure H 2 O? 1 milliliter Mass/Volume relationship

What is the mass of 1 cm 3 of pure H 2 O? 1 gram Mass/Volume relationship

Freezing Point of water in the Kelvin scale. 273 K Physical Constant

Boiling Point of water in the Kelvin scale. 373 K Physical Constant

Freezing Point of water in the centigrade scale. 0 C0 C0 C0 C Physical Constant

Boiling Point of water in the centigrade scale. 100  C Physical Constant

Ice / water equilibrium Another name for freezing point.

Steam / water equilibrium Another name for boiling point.

? cm in 1 meter 100 cm = 1 meter Conversion Fact

? mm in 1 meter 1000 mm = 1 meter Conversion Fact

? m in 1 km 1000 m = 1 kilometer Conversion Fact

? mg in 1 g 1000 mg = 1 gram Conversion Fact

Density Mass / Volume

Density Describes how matter is packed into space.

Units of Density grams / cm 3 for solids grams / ml for liquids

Density D M V

Accuracy How close a measured value is to an accepted value.

Precision How close a series of measurements are to one another.

High Precision Low Scatter

Percent Error  Measured value – Accepted value  x 100% Table T, reference tables Accepted value

 C to K Table T, reference tables K =  C + 273

Scientific Notation The number is written as a product of 2 numbers: - a number between 1 & 10 - a power of 10

2 X Negative exponent so the number is between 0 and 1: 0.002

5 X 10 2 Positive exponent so the number is greater than 1: 500

Significant Figures All known digits plus 1 estimated digit. Report 1 place past the cailbration!

cm Decimal Present – Pacific side Start counting at 1 st nonzero # 7 sig figs

g Decimal Present – Pacific side Start counting at 1 st nonzero # 3 sig figs

4855 g Decimal Absent – Atlantic side Start counting at 1 st nonzero # 4 sig figs

4000 mm Decimal Absent – Atlantic side Start counting at 1 st nonzero # 1 sig fig

Significant Figures: Rule for Addition and Subtraction Answer has same number of decimal places as the addend with the least number of decimal places.

28.0 cm cm cm cm But what do you report? 77.2 cm is correct!

Significant Figures: Rule for Multiplication & Division Answer has same number of significant figures as the factor with the least number of significant figures.

24 m X 3.26 m = m 2 But what do you report? 78 m 2 is correct!

An aluminum cube has a mass of 4.75 grams. The dimensions of the cube are 1.2 cm X 1.2 cm X 1.2 cm. What is the density of the cube? a) g/cm 3 b) 2.75 g/cm 3 “Volume” = cm 3 c) 2.7 g/cm 3 d) 0.36 cm 3 /g 3 sig figs 2 sf

A solution contains grams of NaCl dissolved in 1. Liter of H 2 O. What is the molarity expressed to the correct sig figs? 58.5 grams of NaCl = 1 mole. Calculated from P.T g 1 mole = 0.75 moles 58.5 grams 58.5 grams 0.75 moles/1. Liter = 0.75 M  0.8 M 5 sig figs 1 sig fig

Data Table 2 columns plus title independent variable – controlled by scientist (column 1) dependent variable – measured variable (column 2)

Graph 2 axes plus title independent variable – controlled by scientist (column 1) – GOES on X-AXIS dependent variable – measured variable (column 2) – GOES on Y-AXIS

Linear Relationship X-axis Y-axis Y = mX + b

Direct Relationship X-axis Y-axis Y = mX

Inverse Relationship X-axis Y-axis XY = k where k is a constant

Graph of a Constant X-axis Y-axis