Wedge Flow Element 1

V - Shaped Restriction No critical surface dimension Slanted upstream and downstream faces No places for secondary phase build-up Minimal upstream/downstream piping required Bi-directional 2

Wedge Flow Element Simple Design - Easy to Understand No Moving Parts Q P 3

Wedge Flow Element V1 V2 P1 P2 Permanent Pressure Loss 4

3” Flange Tap Connection Wedge Flow Element Physical Attributes Dirty Service Chem Tee (Flush Mtg.) (1630LF) 3” Flange Tap Connection (1630LF) 5

WEDGE Flow Element Physical Attributes Clean Service 1/2" NPT Connection Pipe Tap Connection (1610LF) 1/4" NPT Direct Connect Integral WEDGE (1335LZ-1337LZ) Wafer Water & Gas Injection (1615LW) 6

Wedge Characterized by H/D to Handle Different Flow Ranges H/D Ratio of 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 H D Determining beta ratio d/D: Orifice Plate: d=orifice bore diameter, D=pipe inside diameter Wedge equivalent beta ratio for H/D ratio selected: for H/D Ratio of use ß 0.2 0.38 0.3 0.50 0.4 0.60 0.5 0.70 7

The Wedge Element Advantage Flexibility and Adaptability Wedge Element Wedge Element DP Transmitters Process Conn. Materials Connections Threaded Flanged Wafer 316 SS Carbon Steel Hastelloy1 alloy* Monel2 alloy* Other exotics Direct connected Pipe tap Remote seal elements * Available upon request 1 Trademark of Cabot Group 2 Trademark of Huntington Alloy, Inc., The International Nickel Company, Inc. 9

The Wedge Element Advantage Lower permanent pressure losses than orifice plate mean lower pumping costs for the life of the installation 100 - 90 - 80 - 70 - 60 - 50 - 40 - 30 - 20 - 10 - Orifice Plate Pressure Loss % of Meter Differential Flow Nozzle Wedge 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Beta Ratio 8

Typical Linear Curve (Low Reynolds Number) 1-1/2” (40mm) Pipe Size 0.4 H/D .920 .900 KD 2 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000 Pipe Reynolds No. RD Calibration Performed with Water KD 2 Calibration Performed with Glycerine .940 .920 .900 .880 .860 .840 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 Pipe Reynolds No. RD

(High Reynolds Number) Typical Linear Curve (High Reynolds Number) 3” (75mm) Pipe Size KD 2 .3H/D Water - Average KD 2 = 1.773 Air - Average KD 2 = 1.772 2.20 2.00 1.80 1.60 .2H/D Water - Average KD 2 = 1.005 Air - Average KD 2 = .995 1.40 1.20 1.00 .80 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Pipe Reynolds X 1000

Performance Evaluation Upstream Piping Effects

Wedge Family of Problem Solving Flow Elements Wedge elements are available in standard sizes of 1/2” to 24” (larger sizes available) Pipe tap, wafer and integral Wedge elements for clean liquids, gases and steam Remote seal Wedge elements for all fluids - clean, dirty, viscous, corrosive or erosive Wag Wedge for Wafer and Gas Injection Systems for oil field recovery Integral Wedge elements connect directly to DP transmitters

When to Use the Wedge Chemical industry - Batching, blending, mixing dyes and viscous fluids Petrochemicals - High viscosity and black liquors Oil and Gas - Water injection, custody transfer Paper and Pulp - High concentration stocks. Timber industry usage Metals and Mining - Powdered or magnetic slurries. Abrasive flows Cement industry - Problematic slurry flows Power and Utilities - Fuel oil and steam flows. Boiler feeds

WedgeMaster Flow System

Chemical Tee Connection WedgeMaster Connections 3” (76mm) Flange Tap Connection 1630LF Chemical Tee Connection 1630LF

WedgeMaster Flow System Base System Accuracy: 0.5% Draft Range Designed for Intended Purpose HART Digital Communications 5 Year Warranty Inductive Sensing sensing & correcting of sensor temp and static press Surface Mount Electronics Local Zero & Span Configures From KHT & KSSW

Wedge vs Orifice Plates Comparison Wedge vs Orifice Plates Advantage Lower Reynolds No. Better Rangeability Accuracy not Dependent on Sharp Edge Lower Energy Costs Five Year Warranty Less upstream piping required Dirty Service (Slurries, Fluids w/Solids in Suspension) Disadvantage Less Application History Initial installed cost

Wedge vs Orifice Plate Specification Wedge Orifice Accuracy Turn Down Reynolds No. Output Sizes Straight Upstream Piping Wedge 0.5% 4:1 >500 square root 1/2”- >24”(15 ->600mm) 6 Diameters Orifice 0.75% 4:1 >30000 square root >1” (>25mm) 15-30 Diameters

WedgeMaster vs Turbine Meter Comparison WedgeMaster vs Turbine Meter Advantage No Moving Parts Corrosive, Dirty Fluids Viscous Fluids Less Pressure Loss Disadvantage Non-linear Output

Wedge vs Turbine Meter Specification WedgeMaster Turbine Accuracy Turn Down Reynolds No. Output Sizes WedgeMaster 0.5% 4:1 >500 square root 1/2” - >24” (15 - >600mm) Turbine 0.5% 10:1 >30000 linear 1” - >12” (25 - >300mm)

Wedge vs Vortex Advantage Disadvantage Comparison Low Reynolds No. Viscous Fluid Applications Requires Less Upstream/ Downstream Diameters Better Accuracy Slurry Applications Disadvantage Accuracy Affected by Density Non-linear Output

Wedge vs Vortex Specification WedgeMaster Vortex Accuracy Turn Down Reynolds No. Output Sizes Straight Upstream Piping WedgeMaster 0.5% 4:1 >500 square root 1/2”- >24” (15 - >600mm) 6 Diameters Vortex 1.0% + 10:1+ >10000 linear 1” - >10” (25 - >250mm) 10-30 Diameters

Wedge vs Positive Displacement Comparison Wedge vs Positive Displacement Advantage Much Lower Cost No Moving Parts Lower Pressure Loss Slurry Applications Steam and Dirty Gas Applications Disadvantage Non-linear Output Greater Piping Requirements No Custody Transfer Applications

Wedge vs Positive Displacement Specification Accuracy Turn Down Reynolds No. Output Sizes WedgeMaster 0.5% 4:1 >500 square root 1” - >24” (25 - >600mm) P. D. 0.5% + 20:1 variable linear 1” - >12” (25 - >300mm)

Wedge vs Mass Advantage Disadvantage Comparison Lower Cost No Moving Parts Lower Maintenance More Line Sizes Not Affected By Vibration Disadvantage Non-linear Output Less Accurate Affected by Fluid Properties