A Logical Model for Digital Archives Rathachai Chawuthai Information Management CSIM / AIT Draft document 0.1

Introduction Digital Preservation Underlying Community Knowledge Logical Model Prototype Related works 2

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Our valued digital information in the present may not be accessible or rendered originally in next 100 years. – Technological Obsolescence – Deterioration of digital storage media A reader in next 100 years may not understand our today digital information as same as author’s purpose. – Author and reader do not have same context knowledge – Changing of contextual knowledge over the time It could have the common knowledge somewhere that every local knowledge refer to. Yuan Li (2011), Flouris (2007) 4

User are to be able to access and understand digital information in the future SDA 2011 at Berlin 5

To develop a theory for digital archive To design an information model representing contextual knowledge To explore knowledge by linking archives across communities ??????? To develop a prototype system in order to test the theory 6

Do a theory by extending the existing theory of Flouris “Steps towards a theory of information preservation” (Underlying Community Knowledge) Design “Context Model” of “Underlying Common Community Knowledge” – Use linked metadata to model contextual knowledge – Refer to OAIS information model – Integrate with PREMIS metadata Build an archival system – Refer to OAIS guideline – Integrated with Fedora-Commons as a back-end service 7

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What is ? Error: DVD unreadable Error: No program can open file format.doc !7rò??àÕ ??ߟ²ÂÚ Õ??ߟ²ÂÚ ðŽɳ !Z?g! Õr / ÕŸ / ?rò? File is read protected Please key password 9

Digital preservation is an active management of digital information to endure its accessibility over the time. Digital preservation types – Bit Preservation Ability to produce a particular sequence of bits from storage media at any time. – Data Preservation Ability to rendered the produced bit stream and produce a meaningful output from it at any time. – Information Preservation Ability to understand the rendered digital object at any time Flouris (2007) 10

Preservation policy – To use well-known file format, such as,.pdf,.xml,.tiff,.jpg,.avi, and etc Preservation strategies – Secure storage system, Software migration, Emulation, Media refreshment, and Disaster planning. Content policy – Track user activities, such as, ingest, migration, and etc. – Peer review be for deposit into repository Right and agreement – Because some preservation activities need to duplicate and modify digital content, it needs to record right and agreement to digital object. Yuan Li (2011) 11

OCLC.org Content Information Content Information PDI Preservation Description Information PDI Preservation Description Information Archive Packaging Information Descriptive Information about Package 1 Descriptive Information about Package 1 Package 1 Information Model 12

OCLC.org DIP AIP SIP Producer Administrator Ingest Store Query Access Disseminate Consumer Workflow Manage 13

Provenance – Describe history of creation, ownership, access, and change Authenticity – Ensure trustworthiness (Does digital resource render originally?) Preservation activities – Record process supporting preservation, such as migration Technical environment – Provide name and version of hardware, platform, OS, and software that is required to render digital resources Rights management – Inform concern of intellectual property rights and agreement that need to be observed when execute preservation process. E.g. does a creator allow to copy his/her work or not? OCLC.org, usenix.org Basic features 14

PREMIS from LOC.gov Information providing to support preservation management – Technical information (Characteristics) E.g. creator, created date-time, file format, software/hardware environment, … – Information about action of a digital object E.g. ingest, migrate, verify, … – Inhibitors Password, encryption, … in order to access digital objects – Digital Provenance Record change of object format e.g..DOC .PDF Contain application, version, environment, … in order to render digital objects – Significant Properties (If important) Object’s characteristics e.g. font, formatting, color, …., etc Look and feel – Rights E.g. Rights and agreement metadata associated with preservation Overview 15

PREMIS from LOC.gov Entities 16

Flouris (2007) Conceptual Level Conceptual Level Physical Level Physical Level Data Preservation Bit Preservation Information Preservation 17

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DC is a group of people who – Have common knowledge (concept) – Have common background – Have common contextual knowledge – Have same language Knowledge of DC called Underlying Community Knowledge (UCK) Flouris (2007) 19

UCK looks like: knowledge, background, context, commonsense, semantic, and etc. that are understandable by all people in DC It means that People in the same DC know the same UCK and understand every Concept inside UCK Flouris (2007) 20

Flouris (2007) Consumer Producer First name = “Rathachai” Family name = “Chawuthai” UCK 1 UCK 2 Name : “Rathachai Chawuthai” Write Read First name = “Chawuthai” Family name = “Rathachai” 21

Flouris (2007) Consumer Producer First name = “Rathachai” Family name = “Chawuthai” UCK 1 UCK 2 Name : “Rathachai Chawuthai” Write Delta Read First name = “Rathachai” Family name = “Chawuthai” 22

Some Preliminary Ideas Towards a theory of digital preservation – Giorgos Flouris Reference 23 TBD

Name = First name + Last name Name = Family name + First name ? ? UCK A UCK B 24

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A model must: – Represent contextual knowledge – Be a reference for all underlying community knowledge as a common knowledge – Identify associations and differentiates between common knowledge and community knowledge – Identify associations and differentiates between community knowledge – Capture change or evaluation of common knowledge itself – Be able to link concepts among designated community based on common contextual knowledge 26

Underlying Common Community Knowledge – A common contextual knowledge for all underlying community knowledge 27

28 C R HCHC ICIC IRIR AOAO C a set of concepts R a set of Relations H C a set of hierarchy of Classes H R a set of hierarchy of Relations I C a set of instances of C I R a set of instances of R A 0 a set of Axiom (Inference relations of logic) HRHR Yildiz (2006)

29 C R HCHC ICIC IRIR AOAO HRHR UCCK Derive UCK1 UCK2

30 UCK1 UCK2

31 UCK1 UCK2 UCCK

32 UCK1 UCK2 UCCK

33 Past Future

Raimodn (2007) 34 TBD

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Archival Information System Archival Information System Consumers Another Archival Information System Another Archival Information System Another Archival Information System Another Archival Information System Link Browse digital objects Search relevance digital objects across repositories Link to other related digital objects under contextual knowledge across systems Customize own designated community 36

Archival Information System Archival Information System Archivist Ingest digital objects Define links to other objects Add metadata according to digital object’s type Add underlying community knowledge Add contextual knowledge 37

Archival Information System Archival Information System Administrator Define metadata for each type of digital object Define underlying common community knowledge Define underlying community knowledge Define designated communities 38

Be able to manage variety types of digital objects Be able to link digital object to other ones semantically Be able to provide context knowledge by linking digital objects for each designated community Be able to manage variety types of metadata Be able to do semantic search Be able to store knowledge as ontology 39

Repository system Features – Collect digital objects and their relations – Collect metadata – Collect ontology – Support versioning Only one repository system that – Support Semantic Search – Provide Web Services Work as back-end services Duraspace.org 40

Popular CMS Features – Rich user management – Rich content management – Flexible for customized modules Only one CMS that – supports SPARQL endpoint Work as front-end service to end-user Drupal.org 41

A Drupal’s module Features – Provide administration panel – Provide fast-search to Fedora database – Support many formats of metadata – Support many types of digital objects Only one Drupal’s module that: – Integrate with Fedora-Commons – Works with GSearch service (Semantic Search of Fedora-Commons) Work as front-end administration services Islandora.ca 42

Consumers Administrator Archivist Islandora Other content modules Drupal Administration Services Administration Services Fedora Core Service GSearch Generic Search GSearch Generic Search SOLR Database 43

To find Architecture, like, Hitest’s diagram Reference 44 TBD

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Cultural, Artistic and Scientific knowledge for Preservation, Access and Retrieval – Is an Integrated Project co-financed by the European Union within the Sixth Framework Programme – Add context knowledge to digital object following its characteristics and representations Similarity – Integrate context knowledge of digital objects and estimate gap of designated communities’ knowledge with semantic technology Advantage of my project – Explore knowledge by linking archive across designated communities referring to underlying common community knowledge – Emphasize changing common community knowledge over the time Casparpreserves.eu 46

Sustaining Heritage Access through Multivalent Archiving – Is an Integrated Project co-financed by the European Union within the Seventh Framework Programme – Represent context as relations between digital objects – Integrate context information by processes, such as, ingested, accessed, and reused with ontological representation Similarity – Represent context information by linking digital objects and other things semantically based on document processes Advantage of my project – Explore knowledge by linking to other digital objects and other things semantically referring to underlying common community knowledge capturing knowledge from real-world concept (rather than document processes) Reference 47

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CASPAR: Cultural, artistic and scientific knowledge for preservation, access an retrieval. eu funded project (fp ist )