Section 3-Essential Question How did the Spanish-American War help the United States become a world power? Section 3-Essential Question

A. The explosion of the Maine B. The tour of the “Great White Fleet” Which of the following events triggered the war between the United States and Spain? A. The explosion of the Maine B. The tour of the “Great White Fleet” C. A surprise Spanish attack on Florida D. A Cuban attack on the United States A B C D Section 3

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#1 Situation in Cuba Cuba was a Spanish colony Cuban Revolution-1895 In response, Spain sent General Weyler to put down the rebellion New governor of Cuba Used brutal tactics Placed Cubans in detention camps 100,000 died

#2 “A Splendid Little War” (cont.) The revolution in Cuba as described through yellow journalism tactics caused great concern in the United States. American newspapers blamed Spain when the Maine exploded, which triggered the Spanish-American war. The Spanish-American War Section 3

#3 USS Maine (#3) President McKinley sent the warship Maine to Havana to protect American citizens and property. US battleship sent to Havana to protect Americans Exploded on February 25, 1898-Cause of explosion remains a mystery Blame was placed on Spain 266 Americans died “Remember the Maine” becomes the battle cry America declared war on Spain on April 25, 1898-ends August 12, 1898

Shortly afterwards, the Spanish signed an armistice and the war ended. (#2) “A Splendid Little War” Theodore Roosevelt led the Rough Riders to victory in the Battle of San Juan Hill. Shortly afterwards, the Spanish signed an armistice and the war ended. Secretary of State John Hay called the Spanish-American War “a splendid little war.” The Spanish-American War Section 3

Acquisitions The American empire became a reality after the Spanish-American War. Section 3

Acquisitions The United States and Spain signed the Treaty of Paris, ending the war. Under the terms of the treaty: Cuba became an American protectorate. Puerto Rico and Guam became territories of the United States. Spain surrendered the Philippines to the United States for $20 million. Section 3

Acquisitions Cuba was granted full independence on the condition that their constitution gave the United States certain rights, known as the Platt Amendment. The Jones Act in 1917 made Puerto Rico a territory of the United States and granted American citizenship to all Puerto Ricans. Section 3

Puerto Rico Today it is a U.S. territory known as a Commonwealth P.R. is in charge of its own internal affairs the U.S. controls interstate trade, foreign relations, control of land, air, and sea, currency, citizenship, etc. They send one member to the House of Representatives, however he/she cannot vote They have a vote from time to time about whether they want to become an independent nation or to become a U.S. state

Acquisition of the Philippines The acquisition of the Philippines caused fierce debate among American citizens. Some argued that American rule of the Philippines went against the democratic principles on which the United States was founded. Others felt the Philippines would provide the United States with an important Pacific naval base. Section 3

Acquisitions The Filipino people were led to believe they would be able to be an independent nation. They were angered that the US, who helped them in their fight for independence, purchased the Philippines from Spain. At least 200,000 Filipino’s died in fighting against US rule. More than 4,000 US soldiers died in the fighting. Section 3

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Panama Canal Panama Canal Review

8,000 Mile Shortcut

What is a canal? An area of water that is dug across land. Canals connect bodies of water so that ships can travel between them.

1) Why was the canal built? Roosevelt wanted it built so he could move the navy quickly between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans It would lower shipping costs increasing business profits

2) Why was it built in Panama? It was built in Panama because it is the narrowest strip of land in Central America. Panama is an isthmus. An isthmus is a narrow strip of land which has water on each side and connects two larger bodies of land. Courtesy of: http://www.1uptravel.com/worldmaps/maps/pm-map.jpg

When was it built? 1904 The United States begins working on the Canal 1914 The canal is completed

Background Information 1835 France is given a permit to build a canal across Panama. However first they have to come up with a plan to build the canal. In 1881 they finally start building. The 1800’s

1881 A French company begins construction on the canal 1881 A French company begins construction on the canal. After eight years France gives up on the project. Over 20,000 construction workers died working on the project for France and the company trying to build the canal goes bankrupt. The French Give Up

The United States 3) How did get the land to build the Canal? US offers Colombia $10 million dollars for the land. Colombia refused the offer believing that the US was trying to bully them for the land. The people of Panama wanted to be independent. Roosevelt sent a warship to Panama to support the Panamanians by not allowing Colombian ships to enter the harbor. A revolution started. With the ship preventing the Colombian soldiers from reaching Panama, the Panamanians won. Panama agrees to sell us a 10 mile wide strip of land to build the canal.

What Problems did the US have building the canal? Just like when the French had tried to build the canal, the builders of the canal had to figure out how to cut a 51 mile path through a tropical jungle and an area of mountains!

What Problems did the US have building the canal? Working Conditions Imagine working on the Panama Canal. By noon the temperature is about 100 degrees. It’s humid-so humid that after it rains steam rises from the ground and your clothes become soaking wet. There is no shade, no air-conditioning, and no place to get cool.

What Problems did the US have building the canal? Working Conditions The average yearly rainfall is about 80 inches. Flooding makes the ground like pudding, and you can sink up to your knees in mud. Tropical diseases, such as yellow fever and malaria are spread easily by mosquitoes.

What Problems did the US have building the canal? Working Conditions A tropical jungle may be a fascinating place for scientists to work, but for workers trying to build a canal it’s a nightmare. Imagine trying to dig out tons of dirt in a jungle like this. And there was no insect repellent to keep the bugs from biting.

4) What Problems did the US have building the canal? Hot humid temperatures Diseases such as malaria Dangerous working conditions when using dynamite to cut through mountains Developing a system to raise and lower ships

#6 A lock is a part of a canal with gates at each end where boats are raised or lowered to different water levels. What are locks?

Here are the giant locks Courtesy of: http://www.canalmuseum.com/photos/panamacanalphoto026.htm

Here are the giant locks being built Photo from the Canal Zone Brats www.czbrats.com

Here are the giant locks being built Photos Courtesy of www.panamacanal.com

Here is how the Panama Canal works Image Courtesy of: http://www.panamacanal-cruises.com/panama-canal-pictures/crosssections.jpg Here is how the Panama Canal works

The building of the canal Photo courtesy of: www.canalmuseum.com

The building of the canal Photo courtesy of: www.canalmuseum.com

1914 The Canal Opens Image Courtesy of: http://www.canalmuseum.com/photos/panamacanalphoto042.htm

The Panama Canal Today Today the canal is a busy place. Ships get stuck in traffic jams because there are so many of them and often have to wait up to 20 hours to go through the canal. Then the trip through the canal takes another eight hours.

The Panama Canal is an important landmark and is considered by some to be the 8th Wonder of the World.                                    Photo from the Canal Zone Brats www.czbrats.com

LT 2

The United States 1977 The United States signs a treaty with Panama and agrees to give Panama control of the canal in 1999