Section III Major & Annual Objectives Program Logic in Program Development Black Box Program Delivery just assembles inputs, delivers, measures outputs no ideal why a program is a success or failure Program Logic looks inside the box

Program Logic in Program Development Bennett’s Hierarchy Program Logic Model Social,Economic, Environmental Conditions Practices Knowledge, Opinions, Skills, Aspirations Activities Resources Planning Performance

What is a Program? An intentional effort to fulfill predetermined and important needs of people Single events or activities do not result in the types of behavior change necessary to accomplish this mission

Programs Must: Provide Multiple Contacts With the Same Audience Include a minimum 6 hours of Educational Instruction (GPRA) Preferably use a Variety of Instructional Techniques Strive for Behavior Change

Section III Major & Annual Objectives Developing Major Objectives Major objectives for your CMP should come directly from the MACRO NEED identified in your situation statement This objectives should probably be at the SEEC level and must be client based

Section III Major & Annual Objectives Developing Major Objectives The audience should be the same as identified in the targeted audience section A major objective stays with your plan of work for four years, it must be a broad identified need for your audience

Section III Major & Annual Objectives Developing Major Objectives In a sense, a good major objective is measured by the accumulation of meeting a succession of annual objectives Major objectives are complex issues that require a systematic ordering of annual objectives to meet this big issue

Section III Major & Annual Objectives Developing Major Objectives The needs assessment process should identify the major objective, even if the program is “Top Down” -- you must map the learners needs and situation to make the program effective

Section III Major & Annual Objectives Developing Major Objectives A useful way to think about major objectives is as a “Structure of Needs” Needs have structure because to meet Macro Needs you must meet Micro Needs or annual objectives first

Section III Major & Annual Objectives Developing Major Objectives Needs are logical, orderly, and sequential in structure The program planning process must address this needs structure systematically if it is to be effective

Needs Hierarchy Example REDUCE SOLID WASTE IN COUNTY LANDFILL 6) Increase Recycling (Practice Change) 5) Increase Composting (Practice Change) 4) Ability to Sort Recyclables (Skills) 3) Knowledge of What and How to Recycle (Knowledge/Skills) 2) Do Clientele Wish to Save Money and Environment (Aspirations) 1) Create Awareness of Economic and Environmental Problems (Knowledge--Low Level) Felt Needs: Tipping Fees are Increasing Ascribed Needs: County Government is Concerned the Landfill Will Close 10 years Ahead of Schedule

Section IIIMajor & Annual Objectives Writing Annual Objectives In a Good Plan of Work, Major & Annual Objectives Differ: Major objectives are 4 years long, annual are for a single year Annual objectives focus more on the individual learner (KOSA or Practice Change), Major objectives are at an aggregate level (SEEC)

Section IIIMajor & Annual Objectives Writing Annual Objectives Annual objectives should systematically meet the needs of learners and to meet the major objective Annual Activities should systematically add up to meet the annual objectives!

Purpose of Objectives To provide program direction To communicate expectations To guide selections of content and activities To ensure continuity during staff changes

Objectives Should Be Client-Based The following do not have direct educational impacts for clientele and should not be program objectives: Professional Activities Planning Conferences Professional Development

Sources of Objectives Expressed Needs Analysis of social and environmental conditions Research results Political pressure

Writing Useful Objectives Use strong verbs State only one purpose or aim Specify a single end-product or result Specify a time frame for achieving results

Use Strong Verbs to increase to adopt to demonstrate STRONG VERBSWEAK VERBS to promote to encourage to become aware

Remember Your ABCs When Writing Objectives A-Audience Describe the audience and the number or percent of individual learners who are to acquire the new capability

Remember Your ABCs When Writing Objectives B-Behavior Describe the new behavior and name what the learner should be able to do after the program

Remember Your ABCs When Writing Objectives C-Criteria Set criteria for how much behavior change will occur in the audience

ABCs (For 85% of 200 County Employees) to make at least (2 changes in their lifestyle habits) such as: Alter diet to meet dietary guidelines for Americans Evaluate ingredient and/or food labels for healthy choices Choose healthier foods when eating out Initiate an appropriate exercise routine Use healthy ingredient substitutions AUDIENCE BEHAVIORBEHAVIOR CRITERIA

ABCs (80% of 50 soft crab training participants) will (initiate and operate their own shedding enterprise) by (learning proper use of equipment, shellfish handling and processing, and technical assistance). AUDIENCE BEHAVIORBEHAVIOR CRITERIACRITERIA

Check List for Program Objectives: Does the objective indicate what value will result from the program? Does the objective indicate who will benefit? Is the objective clear and meaningful? Can the objectives be achieved through educational programs?

Check List for Program Objectives: Is the objective specific enough to be measured? Are there preset standards that can be used to determine how well objectives have been met? Does the objective contain all major points needed to give staff focus for the program and to communicate to others about the focus of the program