America Moves Toward War Chapter 24 Section 4

Objective/Do Now Objective: identify specific instances in the shift away from isolationist policies. Do Now: Do isolationist policies (US staying out of affairs that does not directly affect us) benefit the country?

I the United States Musters it Forces As Germans enter Poland, FDR issues official proclamation of neutrality Required by the Neutrality acts passed by Congress While doing this he prepares for a war he knew would eventually come

A. Moving Cautiously Away from Neutrality FDR calls special session of Congress to revise Neutrality Acts FDR asks for “cash & Carry” provision Allow nations to buy Amer. Arms as long as they paid in cash and carried goods on their own ships Argued it would help GB & France while keeping US out of war Cash and carry was voted into effect

B. The Axis Threat Cash & Carry policy was too little too late France and GB fell under siege Japan, Italy, & Germany sign the Tripartite Pact Pledge that if one nation came under attack the other would help3 countries become known as Axis powers Aimed to keep US out of war because declaring war on 1 meant declaring war on all 3 US begins to ship thousands of battle ships & ammo to allied powers

C. Building Americas Defense Years of isolationism left US militarily weakFDR asks for increase of national defense budget Passes the nation’s 1st peacetime mil. Draft Selective training and Service Act

D. Roosevelt's Re-election FDR breaks 2 term tradition set by GW and runs for re-election FDR and opponent bot agree to send aid to GB but stay out of war Ppl stay with the familiar and what they knowFDR wins

II “The Great Arsenal of Democracy” FDR, via fireside chat, states that the US must help defeat the Axis powers because if GB falls, US would be only democracy left living “at the point of a gun” Says that the US must turn itself into the “great arsenal of democracy”

A. The Lend-Lease Plan GB runs out of $$ to spend in arsenal of Dem. So FDR proposes the “lend-Lease” policy to replace the “cash & carry” Pres. Would lend or lease arms and other supplies to any country whose defense was vital to the US Hitler ignores his pact w/ Stalin and invades SU Soviets retreat and institute a scorched earth policy (burn anything left behind) FDR sends Lend-lease aid to the Soviets

B. German Wolf Packs Hitler deploys U-boats (German subs) to prevents Lend-lease aid from helping GB and Soviets Wolf Packs= groups of 15-20 subs that patrolled shipping lanes to destroy cargo German U-boats successfulsinl for GB boats then they could replace FDR orders navy to protect lend-lease shipments to prevent loss/waste of US $$ US warships now have permission to attack German U-boats in defense

III Planning for War A. Atlantic Charter FDR & Churchill secretly meet Churchill hopes for mil. Commitment from US but FDR issues Atlantic charter Atlantic Charter spells out causes for WWII Becomes basis for “a Declaration by the United Nations” Allies= those who joined together to fight against the Axis Powers UN charter signed by 26 nations including SU and China

B. Shooting Begins U-Boats fire torpedoes at US destroyer 2 weeks later a merchant ship is sunk and US destroyer torpedoed FDR states “history has recorded who fired the first shot” As Amer. Death toll rose, Congress lifts ban on arming merchant ships

IV Japan Attacks the United States A. Japan’s Ambitions Japanese expansionists begin to take over colonial empires but the US and its pacific island possessions stand in the way Take over French Mil. Base in French Indochina (Vietnam/Cambodia) US responds by cutting off trade w/ Japan and instituting an oil embargo Japan could not fuel its war machine w/o oil Japan sends “peace” envoy to convince Us to lift embargo while simultaneously planning for an attack against the US

US has broken Japans secret com US has broken Japans secret com. Codes and new a strike was imminent but did not know where Although we knew it was coming FDR insisted that Japan needed to strike first

B. The Attack on Pearl Harbor Japan dive bombers fly low over PH, the US’ largest naval base in the Pacific Stuns peace Fleet because it was thought the waters were too shallow for torpedo attacks & too far from Japans mainland Attack on PH was victory for Japanese Crippled the US pacific fleet in one blow (more damage than in all of WWII) Japan afraid it has “awaken a sleeping giant” Dec. 7th, 1941 “a date that will live in infamy”  war declaration by Congressend of isolationist policy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3VqQAf74fsE