1. #15 Chapter 16.4 Notes: America Moves Towards War
OBJECTIVE: Understand how the U.S. moved closer to entering World War II.

2. I. The U.S. Musters Its Forces
1939, FDR persuades Congress to pass “cash-and-carry” provision.
Allows the U.S. to sell weapons to nations in war.
FDR argues it will help France & Britain defeat Hitler and keep the USA out of WWII.

3. Germany, Italy and Japan signed a defense pact.
Axis Powers
Pact aimed at keeping the USA out of the war by forcing fight on two oceans.

4. Nazi victories in 1940 lead to increased U.S. defense spending.
1st peacetime draft enacted--- Selective Training and Service Act.
FDR breaks two-term tradition and runs for re-election.
Wins with 55% of vote.

5. II. THE GREAT ARSENAL OF DEMOCRACY
FDR tells nation if Britain falls, Axis powers free to conquer world.
By 1940s, Britain has no more cash to buy U.S. arms.
1941 Lend Lease Act---U.S. to lend or lease supplies for defense.
U.S. Navy authorized to shoot German subs on sight (FDR’s order Sept. 1941)

6. III. FDR Plans for War
FDR and Churchill issue the Atlantic Charter---joint declaration of war aims.
Charter is the basis of the Allies.
Allies---nations that fight Axis powers
U.S., Britain, Soviet Union, etc…

7. IV. Japan Attacks the U.S.
Hideki Tojo--- Japan’s Chief of Staff of Army invades China.
Japan seizes French bases in Indochina; U.S. cuts off trade.
Japan needs oil from the U.S.

8. 1941, U.S. breaks Japanese codes; learns Japan planning to attack U.S.
December 7, 1941 Japan launches attack on Pearl Harbor- largest U.S. naval base in Pacific.
Attack lasts 90 minutes.
2,403 Americans killed, 1,178 wounded.
U.S. RESPONSE…..

9. FDR: “Yesterday, December 7, 1941, a date which will live in infamy…”
Congress approves FDR’s request for declaration of war against Japan.
Germany, Italy declare war on U.S.
U.S not prepared to fight in both oceans.

10. Ch.16.4 Q’s---Use complete sentences
What was the purpose of the cash and carry provision & lend lease act?
Who were the Axis Powers?
How did the U.S. respond to Japan’s expansion?
Who were the Allies?
Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
How did the U.S. respond to the attack?
Short Answer Question (Answer in 3-4 sentences). Do you think the U.S. should allow its Presidents to be elected to more than 2 terms? Why or why not?