Art Styles AP European History

Italian Renaissance (1300-1500) Themes: Individualism, worldly experience Characteristics: classicalism, perspective, mannerism, human figures, and myths Areas of Influence: Venice & Florence Artists: Michelangelo, Da Vinci, Raphael, Titian, Bellini, Brunelleschi Word Association: “man is the measure,” secular, individual Michelangelo’s David

Boticelli’s The Birth of Venus

El Greco’s Toledo Epitomized mannerism style (instability, unrealistic)

Northern Renaissance (1300-1500) Themes: Salvation and religious piety Characteristics: religious figures, symbolism and realistic figures Areas of influence: Flanders and Northern Europe Artists: Durer, Bosch, Van Eyck, Brueghel, Grunewald, Holbein Word association: religious, Christian Humanism Van Eyck’s Portrait of Arnolfini

Campin’s Christ and the Virgin

Baroque (1545-1715) Themes: “Return” to the Catholic Church and the power of monarchs Characteristics: mystery, dramatization, bold, exaggerated motion Areas of Influence: Spain, Rome, Middle-class Dutch Artists: Caravaggio, Bernini, Bruegel, Bosch, Velasquez Word Association: “sexy,” Catholic Reformation, Council of Trent, monarch

Velázquez's Las Meninas

Enlightenment (1700-1800) Rococo Themes: Extravagance & wealth Characteristics: appeal to royals and nobles, light pastels, and ornate Areas of Influence: France & Austria Artists: Boucher, Fragonard & Watteau Word Association: Frivolous, ornate, self-indulgent, soft & pastel colors Fragonard’s The Swing (1766)

Boucher’s Madame de Pompadour (1750)

Enlightenment (1700-1800): Neo-classical Themes: Return to classical antiquity Characteristics: Formal, imperial style & imitation of Greek & Roman art, removal of Christian focus Areas of Influence: Mainly France Artists: David & Ingres Word Association: Napoleon, Greece/Rome & imperial (empire, emperor) Napoleon Crossing the Alps by Jacques-Louis David, 1800

Death of Marat by Jacques-Louis David, 1793

Gros's Napoleon Bonaparte Visiting the Plague-Stricken in Jaffa, 1804 Romanticism: 1780s-1848 Themes: Emotion, passion, and revolution Characteristics: passionate, dark color and return to nature Areas of influence: France, England and Spain Artists: Goya, Constable, Delacroix, Turner & Gericault Word Association: Emotional, loss of youth, mysterious, passion Gros's Napoleon Bonaparte Visiting the Plague-Stricken in Jaffa, 1804

Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People, 1830

Realism, mid-19th c. Themes: Rejection of Romanticism; depiction of everyday life Characteristics: subjects were common people and landscapes Areas of Influence: the Dutch Artists: Courbet, Millet, Daumier Word Association: reality, everyday, revolution Millet’s The Gleaners (1857)

Impressionism, 19th century Themes: fleeting and brief word of a first impression based on light and sudden movement Characteristics: short, choppy, light brushstrokes and en plein aire (outdoors) Areas of Influence: France Artists: Monet, Renoir, Cezanne Word Association: vibrant, little detail, light

Post-Impressionism, 19th c. Themes: Rejected limitations of impressionism Characteristics: studied depth, more detailed than impressionism Areas of Influence: France Artists: Cezanne, Seurat, van Gogh Word Association: depth, structure, pointillism (paining with small distinct dots of pure color to form an image)

Expressionism, early 20th c. Themes: Indebted to Freud; analyzing psyche Characteristics: dissonance in color and perspective, messages of anxiety Areas of Influence: Germany, Spain, France, Russia, Norway & Holland Artists: van Gogh, Kirchner Word Association: anxiety, Freud, dark

Fauvism, Early 20th c. Themes: Color was the main subject Characteristics: color takes importance over lines or subjects Areas of Influence: France, Netherlands Artists: Matisse, some van Gogh Word Association: COLOR

Cubism, 1910’s Themes: Synthesized view of subject, relativity Characteristics: fragmented subject, cubes Areas of Influence: France Artists: Picasso, Leger Word Association: Angular, fragmentation, squares

Futurism, early 20th c. Themes: Speed and power of the machine, restlessness of modern life Characteristics: Subjects of modern life, speed Areas of Influence: mainly Italy & Germany Artists: Boccioni Word Association: speed, machine, industrial, urban

Dadaism, 1915-1922 Themes: focus on the absurd, reaction to WWI Characteristics: techniques of accident and chance creating art Areas of Influence: Switzerland, NYC, Paris, and large German cities Artists: Duchamp, Arp & Ray Word Association: ready-made, absurd, illogical

Surrealism, late 19th-20th c. Themes: expression of the imagination of dreams, lack of reason Characteristics: incorporated ideas of Freud & Marx Areas of Influence: Norway, Holland, Spain, Germany, Spain, France & Russia Artists: Dali, Delvaux Word Association: Dreams, subconscious, illogical, out of hysteria

Abstract Expressionism, 20th c. Themes: nonrepresentational, shape, line, color Characteristics: planes, shapes & color Areas: US, many immigrants from Europe, shift from Paris Artists: Pollock, Kline Word Association: Abstract, subjective interpretation

Pop Art, mid to late 20th c. Themes: bitterness out of WWI, pop culture Characteristics: Random objects, use of dry humor Areas: US Artists: Warhol, Odenburg, Rauschenberg Word Association: post-war, everyday objects, iconic

Op Art, mid 20th c. Themes: geometric, abstract, illusion Characteristics: patterns, lines, checkerboard, circles Areas: US & throughout Europe Artists: Vasarely, Riley, Poons Word Association: optical illusions, patterns, playing with the eye and mind

Photorealism, 1960s and 70s Themes: depiction of photography, interpretation Characteristics: painting of a photo, should look like a photograph Areas: US & Britain Artists: Estes, Close Word Association: photo, everyday streets or objects